The liquidity deficit in the domestic money market, which remained significantly high during the first half of 2022, declined in the latter part of 2022. However, in spite of the improvements in money market liquidity conditions, market interest rates continued to remain high, partly due to subdued activity in the domestic money markets. At the same time, it has been observed that several Licensed Commercial Banks (LCBs) have continued to depend excessively on the overnight Standing Facilities under Open Market Operations (OMOs) of the Central Bank without considering market based funding options to address their structural liquidity needs. Such LCBs have not indicated any signs of taking remedial actions to reduce the over dependence on overnight facilities offered by the Central Bank, which are available to be used as fall back options after utilizing all other funding options.

Sri Lanka encountered the most challenging year in 2022 in the post-independence economy. Headwinds due to consecutive economic shocks in recent years, including the Easter Sunday attacks in 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, and its protracted impact on activity in the aftermath in 2021, the socioeconomic and political crisis in 2022 amidst catastrophic balance of payments (BOP) pressures, along with unprecedented policy tradeoffs, have severely affected economic activity, inflicting unimaginable hardships to individuals and businesses. Livelihoods were lost, while real incomes suffered the most. Structural economic impediments that existed across various spheres of the economy over decades were compounded by these economic shocks, along with ill-timed policy choices, thereby loosening the macroeconomic balance and resulting in a sudden and multipronged setback for the nation.

Headline inflation, as measured by the year-on-year (Y-o-Y) change in the Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI, 2013=100) decreased to 57.2% in December 2022 from 61.0% in November 2022 recording the lowest reading in the second half of 2022. Following a similar trend, the Food inflation (Y-o-Y) decreased to 64.4% in December 2022 from 73.7% in November 2022. Meanwhile, the Non-Food inflation (Y-o-Y) decreased to 53.4% in December 2022 from 54.5% in November 2022. 

Western province, which is the epicentre to majority of the key activities of the Sri Lankan economy, continued to be the largest contributor to the national output representing 42.6 per cent of the nominal GDP (base year 2015) in 2021, with a marginal increase in its share on year-on-year basis.  North Western (11.1 per cent) and Central (10.1 per cent) provinces recorded second and third highest shares, respectively.

Contribution to nominal GDP from Western, Sabaragamuwa and North Western provinces increased in 2021 compared to 2020, while that of Southern, Northern and Uva provinces remained unchanged. However, contributions  from Central, Eastern and North Central provinces  decreased marginally in 2021.