epjpapay; Kiwikiag; gw;wp

epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL
epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL vd;gJ > ghJfhg;ghdJk; > cWjpahdJkhd epjpapay; Kiwik MFk;. ,J ntspehl;L kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L mjpHr;rpfis vjpHnfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU cWjpahd epjp Kiwik itg;ghsHfSf;Fk; > KjyPl;lhsHfSf;Fk; xU rhjfkhd R+oiy cUthf;FfpwJ . ,J epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; re;ijfs; gad;jUk; tifapYk; jpwdhfTk; njhopw;gl Cf;fkspf;fpd;wJ. vdNt > ,J KjyPl;bidAk; > nghUshjhu tsHr;rpapidAk; Jhz;Lfpd;wJ. epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;Lf;F gaDs;s xOq;fikg;G fl;likg;G kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghdJk; Kd;Ndw;wfukhdJkhd nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPh;g;gdT KiwikapDs; cWjpahd epjpapay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhur; #oiy Njitg;gLj;JfpwJ.

epjpapay; Kiwikapd; mikg;G
,yq;ifapd; epjpapay; Kiwikapy; gpujhd epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; mlq;fpAs;sd. mitahtd: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp > chpkk;; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; (c. t. t)> chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs; (c. rp. t) > gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epjpf; fk;gdpfs; (g. ep. f) > rpwg;G Fj;jif toq;Fk; fk;gdpfs;(rp. F. f) > Kjd;epiy tzpfHfs; (K. t) > Xa;T+jpa kw;Wk; Nrk epjpfs; > fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfs;> fpuhkpa tq;fpfs; > tzpf tq;fpfs; > $W ek;gpf;iffs;> kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G > nfhLfld; $l;LwT rq;fq;fs;.gpujhd epjpapay; re;ijfs; gpd;tUtkhW: ntspr; nryhtzpr; re;ij > gzr; re;ij > %yjdr; re;ij kw;Wk; Kiwrhuh epjpapay; re;ij. epjpapay; cl;fl;likg;G vd;gJ epjpapay; Kiwik kw;Wk; nfhLg;gdT >jPHg;gdT njhlHghd rl;lhPjpahd fl;likg;ghFk;.
epjpapay; Kiwikapy; gpujhd epWtdq;fspd; nrhj;Jf;fs; > nghWg;Gf;fs; njhlHghd juTfs; fPNo cs;s gl;baypy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

,yq;ifapd; tq;fpj; njhopy; Jiwapy; chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfSk;> chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfSk; epjpapay; Jiwapy; Kf;fpa gq;fpid tfpf;fpd;wd. 2006 nrj;njk;gH Kbtpy; epjpapay; Kiwikapd; nkhj;j nrhj;Jf;fspy; 57 rjtPjj;jpid ,it nfhz;bUe;jd. tq;fpfs; epjpapay; Kiwikf;Fs; xU gpujhd gq;fpid tfpf;fpd;wd. Vnddpy; > KO nghUshjhuj;Jf;Fk; jputj;jd;ikia toq;ff; $ba ,aystpidf; nfhz;Ls;sd. tq;fpfs;> nfhLg;gdTg; gzpfis toq;Ftjw;F nghWg;ghftpUg;gjd; %yk; rfy epWtdq;fSk; ,jd; %yk; jkJ epjpapay; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F trjpaspf;fpd;wJ. kWgf;fj;jpy; nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; itg;Gf;fspd; nghUj;jg;ghlw;w jd;ikapd; gFjpf; fhuzj;jhy; tq;fpfs; Kiwikapd; jd;ikapy; ghjpg;Gs;shff;$ba epiyikia cUthf;fyhk;. epjpapay; Kiwikapy; ek;gpf;ifapidg; NgZtjpy; tq;fpapd; Mw;wy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;tjhy; ,t; Mw;wy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. . VjhtJ jtW Vw;gLkplj;J kw;iwa vy;yh epjpapay; kw;Wk; epjpapay; my;yhj epWtdq;fs; eltbf;iffspy; vjpHfhyj;jpy; xU jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jf;$ba cs;shh;e;j tsj;ij nfhz;bUf;ff; $Lk;.

nrhj;Jj; jsj;jpd; epajpfspYk; toq;fg;gl;l gzpfspd; mstpYk; chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; tq;fpj; njhopy; JiwapDs; epjpapay; epWtdj;jpd;; kpf Kf;fpa jdp mikg;ghfTs;sd. nrj;njk;gH 2006 ,d; Kbtpy;>epjpapay; Kiwikapy; c.t. tq;fpfs; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUe;jd. mit nkhj;j epjpapay; Kiwikapd; nrhj;Jf;fspy; 48 rjtPj gq;fpidf; nfhz;bUe;jNjhL> tq;fpj; njhopy; Jiwapd; nrhj;Jf;fspy; 84 rjtPjj;ijAk; nfhz;bUe;jd.vdNt> epjpapay; Kiwikapd; eyd; ngUksTf;F epjpapay; epWtdq;fspd; Fwpg;ghf> c. t. tq;fpfspd; Mw;wypNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ.

nrj;njk;gH 2006 ,d; Kbtpy; tq;fpj; njhopy; Jiwapy; 23 chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfSk;> 14 chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;Gila tq;fpfSk; ,Ue;jd. ,e;j ehl;by; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifahd chpkk; ngw;w tq;fpfs; ,Ue;j NghJk;> epjpapay; Kiwikapd; cWjpg;ghL > 6 MW nghpa c. t. tq;fpfspd; nray;ghl;bYk; > epjpapay; typikapYNk ngUksTf;Fj; jq;fpAs;sJ. ,jpy; ,uz;L mur tq;fpfSk;> ehd;F nghpa cs;ehl;L jdpahH th;j;jf tq;fpfSk; mlq;Ffpd;wd. ,t; MW tq;fpfSk; Kiwikg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kf;fpa tq;fpfs; (K. K. t.) vd nghJthf miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it c. t. tq;fpj; Jiwapd; nrhj;Jf;fspy; 78 rjtPjj;jpidAk;> tq;fpj; Jiwapd; nrhj;Jf;fspy; 65 rjtPjj;jpidAk;> gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. itg;Gf;fs; epajpfspy;> K.K tq;fpfs; re;ijg; gq;fpy; 83 rjtPjj;jpidAk;> c. t. tq;fpfspdJk;> tq;fpj; njhopy; JiwapdJk;> itg;Gf;fspy; 68 rjtPjj;jpidAk; KiwNa nfhz;Ls;sd.

c. rp. tq;fpfs; KO epjpapay; Kiwikapd; nrhj;Jf;fspYk; > tq;fpj; Jiwapd; nrhj;Jf;fspYk; KiwNa 9 rjtPjj;jpidAk; > 16 rjtPjj;jpidAk;; nfhz;Ls;sd. msT kw;Wk; epjpapay; Kiwik kPjhd mtw;wpd; jhf;fk; Mfpa ,U epajpfspYk; c.t. tq;fpfSld; xg;gpLifapy; chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpy;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs; Jiwapd; Kiwahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; rhh;G hPjpapy; Fiwthf tpsq;FfpwJ. Vnddpy;> mit nfhLg;gdT Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpy; ,ilepiy epWtdq;fspd; gq;fpid Mw;Wtjpy;iy.

fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s gl;baypy; c. t. tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; c. rp. tq;fpfs; njhlh;ghd Ez;ghf Kd;kjpAila rpy Fwpfhl;bfs; kPjhd juTfs; jug;gl;Ls;sd. kj;jpa tq;fp epjpapay; Kiwikapid xOq;FgLj;Jgtuhf ,Ue;J tq;fpj; njhopy; Kiwik gw;wpa Ez;ghf> Kd;kjpAila juTfisj; njhFf;fpwJ.

,ij> epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;il kjpg;gpLtjw;fhd mjd; fl;likg;gpd; xU gFjpahf Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

epjpapay; Kiwikapd; $Wfs;
epjpapay; Kiwikapy; cr;r epjpapay; epWtdkh d kj;jpa tq;fp. Vida xOq;F Kiwg;gLj;jy; mjpfhu rigfs; mjpfhhpfs; gpd;tUtd . epjp epWtdq;fs;> re;ijfs;> fUtpfs; > xU nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT Kiwik > rl;lhPjpahd fl;likg;Gk; xOq;FtpjpfSk;. kpifahf cs;s $Wfspy; ,Ue;J fld; ngw;W > gw;whf;Fiwahf cs;s $WfSf;F fld; toq;Fk; caHepiy ahd epjpapay; ,ilepWtdq;fspd; njhopw;ghl;bid epjpapay; Kiwik Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. rl;lhPjpahd fl;likg;Gk; > xOq;FgLj;JNthUk; >epjpapay; Kiwikapidf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fk; xOq;FgLj;Jtjw;Fk; NjitahdjhFk;. nfhLg;gdT > kw;Wk; jPh;;;g;gdT KiwapD}lhf epjpapay; Kiwikapyhd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;jPh;T nra;J jPh;g;gdT nra;ag;gLfpwJ. .

• xOq;FgLj;Jk; mjpfhu rigfs; >>
• epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; >>
• epjpapay; re;ijfs; >>
• epjpapay; fUtpfs; >>
• nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT cl;fl;likg;G >>

Nkw;ghHit nra;ag;gLk; epWtdq;fNs epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;Lf;fhd Kiw rhh;e;j Kf;fpa epWtdq;fshFk;. vt;thwhapDk;>tpiuthf khw;wkile;J tUk; R+o;epiyf;F Vw;g jq;fis khw;wpf; nfhs;shtpl;lhy; > epjpapay; Jiwapyhd Nghl;b> rpy Neuq;fspy;> rpy epjp epWtdq;fis epiyj;jpUf;f Kbahj epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yyhk;. mj;jifa epWtdq;fs; > mit rPuope;Js;s mstpd; mbg;gilapy; xd;wpy; kWrPuikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ fiyf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gpizaq;fs; kw;Wk; ghptHj;jid Mizf;FO
1987 ,d; ,yq;ifapd; gpizaq;fs; > ghptHj;jid Mizf; FOtpd; (gp. g. M) rl;l ,y. 36 ,d; epajpfspy; gq;F ghpth;j;jidfs;> gq;F jufHfs; > gq;F tzpfHfs; kw;Wk; $Wek;gpf;iff; fk;gdpfs; Mfpadtw;wpw;F> chpkk; toq;FjYk; xOq;FgLj;jYk; gpizaq;fs; ghptHj;jid Mizf; FOtpd; nghWg;ghFk;. el;l cj;juthjpfs;> vy;iyf; fld; toq;FNthH> nfhLfld; juj;ij kjpg;gpLk; KftHfs;> KjyPl;L KfhikahsHfs; > gpizfs; jPHT ,y;yq;fs; Mfpadtw;wpd; gjptpidAk; gp. g. Mizf;FO Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. epjpapay; cWjpg;ghl;L gpur;rpidfis xUq;fpizf;Fk; nghUl;L , gp. g. Mizf;FOtpd; gzpg;ghsH rigapy; kj;jpa tq;fpAk; xU mq;fj;jtuhf ,Ug;gJld; gp;. g. Mizf;FOtpy; rigapy; epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghl;Lf;F nghWg;ghfTs;s Jiz MSdH kj;jpa tq;fpiag; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;whH.

,yq;ifapd; fhg;GWjpr; rig
,yq;ifapd; fhg;GWjpr;rig (,.fh.r) 2000 ,d; fhg;GWjpj; ifj;njhopy; xOq;F tpjp rl;l ,y. 43 ,d; fPo;> fhg;GWjp gj;jpu chpikahsHfspd; eyidg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L> fhg;GWjpf; ifj;njhopy; fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfs; mjd; KftHfs;> fhg;GWjpj; jufHfs; MfpNahiu - fhg;GWjpj; njhopypid ,yq;ifapd; fhg;GWjpr; rig (,. fh. r) xOq;FgLj;jp Nkw;ghHit nra;fpd;wJ. kj;jpa tq;fp ,. fh. r apy; xU mq;fj;jtuhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. epjpapay; Kiwikapd; cWjpg;ghl;Lf;F nghWg;ghfTds;s Jiz MSdH ,jidg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;whH.


epjpapay; epWtdq;fs;.
kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; xOq;FgLj;jg;gLk; epWtdq;fs;.

• chpkk; ngw;w tzpf tq;fpfs; >>
• chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;Gj; jd;iktha;e;j tq;fpfs; >>
• gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epjpf; fk;gdpfs; >>
• gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epjpf; Fj;jif toq;Fk; mikg;Gf;fs; >>
• mjpfhukspf;fg;gl;l Kjd;epiy tzpfHfs; >>

Ez;ghf epjp epWtdq;fis xOq;FgLj;Jk; rl;lk; xd;W jw;NghJ jahhpf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Ez;ghf epjp epWtdq;fis kj;jpa tq;fp Nkw;ghHit nra;a Ntz;Lnkd tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; xOq;FgLj;jg;glhj epWtdq;fs;.
,it> gpizaq;fs;> kw;Wk; ghpth;j;jid Mizf; FOthy; Nkw;ghh;it nra;ag;gLk; gq;Fj; juFj; njhopy;> tzpfj; njhopy; fk;gdpfs; $W ek;gpf;if fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; KjyPl;L Kfhikj;Jtf; fk;gdpfisAk;> ,yq;iff; fhg;GWjpr;rigahy; xOw;F Kiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfs; kw;Wk; fhg;GWjpj; jufh;fisAk; Jzpfu Kyjdf; fk;gdpfs;> Xa;t+jpak; kw;Wk; Nrk epjpaq;fs; kw;Wk; Ez;ghf epjpf; fk;gdpfisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

epjpapay; re;ijfs;
epjpapay; re;ijfs; vd;gJ nfhLfld; kw;Wk; %yjdk; vd;gdtw;wpw;fhd re;ijahFk;. ,jid gzr;re;ij kw;Wk; %yjdr;re;ij vdg;gphpf;fyhk;. FWq;fhy tl;bapidf; nfhz;Ls;s nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhd re;ij > gzr; re;ijahFk;. ,tw;wpd; KjpHr;rpf; fhyk; xU tUlj;jpw;Fk; FiwthdjhFk;. ,it> jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; > th;j;jfg; gj;jpuk; kw;Wk; itg;Gr; rhd;wpjo;fs; vd;gdthFk; . nghUshjhuj;jpy; jputj;jd;ik Kfhikj;Jtj;Jf;F trjpaspg;gNj gzr;re;ijapd; gpujhd gzpahFk;. gzr; re;ijapy; ntspaPl;bidr; Nkw;nfhs;NthH muR> tq;fpfs;>kw;Wk; jdpahH fk;gdpfs; vd;gdthFk;. mNjNtis > ,jd; gpujhd KjyPl;lhsHfshf tq;fpfs; > fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfs; Xa;T+jpak; kw;Wk; Nrk epjpaq;fs; tpsq;Ffpd;wd . jpiwNrhp Kwpfs;> jdpahh; gLfld; gpizaq;fs; (KwpfSk; njhFjpf; fld;fSk;) rhjhuz gq;Ffs; Nghd;w xU tUlj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l KjpHr;rpidf; nfhz;l nrhj;Jf;fspd; tzpfj;jpw;fhd re;ijNa %yjdr;re;ijahFk;. %yjdr; re;ijapd; gpujhd Nehf;fk; ePz;lfhy epjpfisg; ngWtjw;F trjp nra;tjhFk;. mur tq;fpfs;; > jdpahH fk;gdpfNs %yjdr; re;ijapy; gpujhd toq;Fduhth;. ,NjNtis ,q;F gpujhd KjyPl;lhsHfs; Xa;T+jpak; kw;Wk; Nrkepjpaq;fs; ;fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpfs; vd;gdthFk;.

fUtpfs; mbg;gilapy; gLfld; re;ij > gq;Fr; re;ij vd epjpapay; re;ijapidg; ghFgLj;jyhk;. gLfld; re;ij> epiyahd tUkhdg; gpizaq;fs; re;ij vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mur gpizaq;fs; re;ij (jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; Kwpfs;) jdpahH gLfld; gpizaq;fs; re;ij (th;j;jfg; gj;jpuk;> jdpahH Kwpfs; kw;Wk; njhFjpf; fld;fs;) vd;gdNt ,jd; gphpTfshFk;. Kjyhe;ju> ,uz;lhe;jur; re;ijfs; vd ,it ,uz;Lf;Fkpilapy; NtnwhU NtWghLk; cz;L. Kjd; epiyr; re;ij> Gjpa gq;Ffs; > gLfld; gpizfs; vd;gdtw;wpd; toq;fy;fSf;fhdjhFk.; ,NjNtis > ,uz;lhe;jur; re;ij > jw;NghJs;s gpizfs; tzpfk; nra;Ak; re;ijahFk;.

kj;jpa tq;fp> jdJ ehzaf; nfhs;ifapid Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; epjpapay; re;ijapd; gy;NtW gphpTfspYk; > NtWghlhd mstpy; nry;thf;ifr; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd miog;Gg;gzr; re;ij vd miof;fg;gLk; gzr; re;ijapd; xU gphptpYk; > epiyahd tUkhdg; gpizr; re;ij mjhtJ murhq;fg; gpizr; re;ijapd; xU gphptpYk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; nfhs;if tl;b tPjq;fs; ngUksT jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. gzr; re;ijAld; neUf;fkhd njhlHgpidf; nfhz;Ls;s tq;fpfSf;F ,ilapyhd ntspr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapYk;> kj;jpa tq;fp jiyaplyhk;.
epjpapay; fUtpfs;
itg;Gfs;
epjpapay; epWtdk; xd;wpy; thbf;ifahshpd; fzf;fpy; tutpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s gzj;jpd; nkhj;jj; njhifNa itg;GfshFk;. %d;W tifahd itg;Gf;fs; cs;sd. Nfs;tp itg;Gf;fs;>Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; epiyahd my;yJ fhy itg;Gfs; vd;gdNt mitahFk;. Nfs;tp itg;Gfs; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; epjp Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf gpujhdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. epjpfs; Njitg;gl;l NghJ kPs vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. Nfs;tp itg;Gfs; tl;bapidr; rk;ghjpg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy; Nfs;tp itg;ghdJ chpikahsHfSf;F gy gzpfis toq;Ffpd;wJ. mitahtd: fhNrhiy trjpfs;> epiyahd fl;lisfs;> jd;dpaf;f $w;Wg;nghwp ml;ilfs; (j. $. m) kw;Wk; vLg;gdTfs;> nfhLg;gdTfs; vd;gdtw;Wf;F trjp nra;Ak; nryT ml;ilfs;. Nrkpg;G itg;Gfs; tl;biar; rk;ghjpf;fpd;wd. tl;bahdJ > ehshe;j > thuhe;j > khjhe;j kw;Wk; tUlhe;j mbg;gilapy; fzf;fplg;glyhk;. Nrkpg;G fzf;fpy; ,Ue;J epjpfis vg;nghOJk; kPsg;ngwyhk;. vt;thwhapDk; xU khjj;jpy; ehd;F jlitf;F Nky; epjpia kPsg; ngw;wpUe;jhy; mk;khjj;jpw;fhd tl;b nrYj;jg;gl khl;lhJ. Nrkpg;G itg;G chpikahsHfSf;F epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; Nrkpg;G Gj;jfj;jpid my;yJ eltbf;ifapd; tpguq;fsJ $w;Wf;fis toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,j;NjhL jd;dpaf;f $w;Wg;nghwp ml;iliaAk; nryT ml;ilapidAk; toq;fp gy gzpfis toq;Ffpd;wJ. epiyahd my;yJ fhy itg;Gfs; epjpapay; epWtdq;fspy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;Jf;F my;yJ jtizf;F itg;gpyplg;gl;l epjpfshFk;. epiyahd fhy itg;Gfs;> Nrkpg;G itg;Gfistpl $Ljyhd tl;bapidr; rk;ghjpf;fpd;wd. epiyahd> fhy itg;Gfs; FWq;fhy > eLj;ju my;yJ ePz;l fhyj;Jf;fhf ,Uf;fyhk;. Kd; mwptpj;jypd;gbNa KjpHr;rpf;F Ke;jpa jpfjpapy; epjpfis kPsg; ngwKbAk;. ,jw;fhf rpW jz;lk; tpjpf;fg;glyhk;. xU epiyahd fhy itg;gpd; chpikahsH epjp epWtdq;fspy; itg;gpid xU gpizahf itj;J epjpfspidf; fldhfg; ngWk; trjp cz;L

fld;fs;
xU fld; vd;gJ > fld; toq;Fgthpdhy; mspf;fg;gLk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l njhifahd gzkhFk;;. tof;fkhf xU epjp epWtdk; xU fld;gLdUf;F> xd;wpy; jtizg; gzkhf my;yJ vy;yhk; xNu juj;jpy;> cld;gl;l jpfjpfspy;;> cld;gl;l tl;b tPjj;jpy; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jg;gLk; vd;w epge;jidapy; toq;fg;gLtjhFk;. mNef re;jh;g;gq;fspy; epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; VNjh xU tifahd gpizapidf; flDf;F NfhUfpd;wd.

jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fSk; KwpfSk;
jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; mur gpizaq;fshFk;. ,J xU tUlk; tiuahd KjpHr;rpf; fhyj;ijf; nfhz;ljhFk;. cs;ehl;L jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; fl;lisr; rl;l tpjpfspd; Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; > ,yq;if murpd; rhHghf > kj;jpa tq;fpapd; nghJgLfld; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wJ. jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; 91 ehl;fs; > 181 ehl;fs; kw;Wk; 364 ehl;fs; KjpHr;rpfspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wJ. jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; $g;gdpy;yhj gpizfshFk;. ,J KjpHr;rpapd; NghJ nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. nfhs;tdT tpiyf;Fk;; >Kfg;Gg; ngWkjpf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghL > chpikahsUf;fhd tl;b tUkhdkhFk;. jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; jputj;jd;ikahdit vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; mtw;iw ,uz;lhe;jur; re;ijapy; ,yFthf tpw;W fhrhf khw;wpf; nfhs;syhk;. jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; kj;jpa>ePz;l fhy mur gpizaq;fshFk;.,it>2tUlq;fspypUe;J 20 tUlq;fs; tiuapyhd Kjph;r;rpf; fhyq;fspy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.gjpTnra;ag;gl;l gq;Ffs; kw;Wk; gpizfs; fl;lisr; rl;lj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspd;; fPo; ,yq;if muR rhHghf ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd;> nghJgLfld; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; tl;bAld; $ba gpizaq;fshFk;. tl;b tUlj;Jf;F ,Ujuk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fSk;> KwpfSk; murhq;fj;jhy; cj;juthjk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL > Kwpe;JNghff; $ba Mgj;J ,y;yhjjpdhy;> KjyPLfspy; kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghdJkhFk;. jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fSk;> KwpfSk; tzpfk; nra;af;$ba gpizaq;fshFk;.,it Kjd;epiy tzpfHfSf;F Vyj;jpy; tpw;fg;gLfpwJ. mtHfs; gpd;dH mjid nghJkf;fSf;F re;ijg;;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspdJk; > KwpfspdJk; tUtha; re;ijapdhy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,uz;bw;Fkhd re;ij kpfr; RWRWg;ghdNjhL> jputj;jd;ik tha;e;jJkhFk;.2004 ,y; ,Ue;J jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fSk; KwpfSk; gj;jpuq;fsw;w Kiwapy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; " yq;fh nrf;FahH " Kiwikapy; eltbf;iffs; ,uj;jpudpay; Kiw%yk; gjpT nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

kPs; nfhs;tdT cld;gbf;iffs;; (kP. nfh)
kPs; nfhLg;gdT cld; gbf;iffs;> gpizaq;fs; (tof;fkhf mur gpizaq;fs;) fhRf;F tpw;fg;gLtJ njhlHghdJ. ,it xU Fwpg;gpl;l tpiyapy; mjid my;yJ mjidnahj;j gpizaq;fis Fwpg;gpl;l vjpHfhyj; jpfjpapy;> xU epiyahd tpiyapy; kPs; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gLk; vd;w cWjpg;ghl;Lld; tpw;fg;gLtjhFk;. tpw;gid tpiyf;Fk;> kPs; nfhs;tdT tpiyf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghL > tl;b tUkhdkhFk;. gpizaq;fspid thq;Fgthpd; Njhw;wj;jpypUe;J ghHf;Fk;NghJ cld;gbf;if Neh;khw;W kPs; nfhs;tdT vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. gpizaq;fis cj;juthjkhff; nfhz;L fld; toq;FtJ Nghd;wNj xU kPs; nfhs;tdT cld; gbf;ifahFk;. ngUk;ghyhd kPs; nfhs;tdTfs; kpff; FWfpa fhyg; gzr; re;ijf; fUtpfshFk;.

tHj;jfg; gj;jpuk;(t . jh.)
tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; Vida epjpapay; ,ilepWtdq;fs; Clhf> jdpahH Jiwf; fk;gdpfs; jkJ nrhe;jj; Njitf;fhf epjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F FWfpa fhy cj;juthjq;fsw;w (gpizfsw;w) gLfld; gpizfis ntspapLfpd;wd. ,it th;j;jfg; gj;;jpuq;fshFk;. th;j;jfg; gj;jpuq;fs; nghJthf nfhLflid nrYj;jf;$ba ed;kjpg;Gs;s (caHjuhjuKs;s) epWtdq;fspdhy; > nghpa ,dq;fspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;F nfhLg;gdTf;fhd tq;fpapd; Nkyjpf cj;juthjKk; cs;sJ. th;j;jfg; gj;jpuq;fs; rpy tl;bapidf; nfhz;Ls;sNghJk;> tof;fkhf ,J xU fopTlNdNa tpw;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fk;gdp KwpfSk; njhFjpf; fld;fSk;
fk;gdp Kwpfs;> jdpahH Jiwf; fk;gdpfs; eLj;ju my;yJ ePz;lfhyg; gpizaq;fshFk;. ,tw;wpw;F toq;Fgth; tl;b nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; > KjpHr;rpapd; NghJ %yjdj; njhifia kPsr;nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; > rl;lg;gb flg;ghLilatuhth;. fk;gdp Kwpfs; > Fwpg;gpl;l nrhj;J gpd;dzp ,y;yhjNghJ > njhFjpf; fld;fs; vd miof;fg;gLk; .

njhFjpf; fld;fs; gpizfsw;w> kj;jpa my;yJ ePz;lfhy tl;bapidr; rk;ghjpf;Fk; KwpfshFk;. ,it jdpahH Jiwf; fk;gdpfs;> tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; Vida epjp epWtdq;fshy; toq;f g;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpw;F toq;fg; gLgthpd; nghJthd ed;kjpg;G gpd;dzp kl;LNk cs;sJ. njhFjpf; fld;fs; tof;fkhf nghpa> ed;F gyg;gLj;jg;gl;l epWtdq;fshNyNa toq;f g;gLfpd;wd. njhFjpf;fld;fis itj;jpUg;Nghh ; fld; toq;fpNahH vdf; fUjg;gLth ;. toq;Fk; fk;gdp xU Ntis fk;gdpia %btpLk; epiy Vw;gLk;NghJ> gq;FhpikahsHfSf;F nfhLg;gdit Nkw;nfhs;s Kd;dNu mjidg; ngWtjw;F mtHfs; chpikAilatHfs;.

nrhj;J gpd;dzp cs;s gpizaq;fs;
nrhj;J gpd;ddpAs;s gpizaq;fs; (nrh. gp. gp) <Lfs; fld;fs; my;yJ Vida ngwf;$batw;wpdhy; <Litf;fg;gl;L. Kwpfspd; cj;juthjj;jpid (ghJfhf;fg;gl;lJ) cilaitahFk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> toq;Fk;; epWtdk;> <Lfs;> fld;fs;> jtizf; nfhLfld;> nfhLfld; ml;il my;yJ ngwf;$ba Vidatw;iw> xU ek;gpf;if nghWg;ghsUf;F my;yJ xU rpwg;G Nehf;fj;Jf;fhd epWtdj;jpw;F tpw;fpd;wJ. ,itfs; nrhj;Jg; gpd;dzpAs;s gpizaq;fis nghJkf;fSf;F tpw;fpwJ. nrhj;J gpd;dzp cs;s gpizfs; tl;bapidr; rk;ghjpf;Fk; fUtpfs;. ,it mbf;fb cj;juthjq;fs;> fhg;GWjp vd;gdtw;wpd; gad;ghl;bD}lhf tphpTgLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

epjpapay; Fj;jiffs;.
epjpapay; Fj;jiffs; vd;gJ> %yjdk;; my;yJ ePbj;J ,Uf;ff;$ba cgfuzq;f spd; nfhs;tdit rl;lhPjpahd chpikahsH (Fj;jif toq;FgtH) nfhLg;gdTf;fhf Fj;jifapid vLg;gtUf;F cgfuzj;ij fldhff; nfhLf;fpwhH. ,J %yjdj; njhifapidAk;> tl;br; nrytpidAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. Fj;jifapidg; ngWgtH> nrhj;jpd; gad;ghl;bypUe;J vy;yh ed;ikfisAk; ngWtNjhL chpikAld; NrHe;Js;s Ngzy; fhg;GWjp kw;Wk; thpfs; Nghd;w nryTfisAk;; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whH. fldpd; %yjdj; njhifAk;> tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTfSk; G+uzkhfr; nrYj;jg;gl;l gpd;dH cgfuzj;jpd; rl;lhPjpahd chpik Fj;jif vLj;jtUf;F toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

gq;Ffs;
fk;gdpapd; chpikapd; xU gFjpapid gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj;Jk; gpizfNs gq;FfshFk;. ,it fk;gdpapd; nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; tUtha;fspy; chpikapidf; NfhuKbAk;. gq;FlikahsHfSf;F gq;fpyhgk; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J fk;gdpapd; ,yhgj;jpd; rjtPjkhFk;.

epjpapay; ngWjpfs;; (Derivatives)
epjpapay; ngWjp vd;gJ> NtnwhU tpNrl epjpapay; fUtp>Fwpfhl;b my;yJ gz;lj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;l xU epjpapay; fUtpahFk;. ,J > ,tw;wpD}lhf tpNrl epjpapay; ,lh;Neh;TfSlhf tl;btPj ,lh;Neh;T ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp ,lh;Neh;T gq;F kw;Wk; gz;l tpiy ,lh;Neh;T Nghd;w mtw;wpd; nrhe;j chpikAld; epjpapaw; re;ijfspy; th;j;jfk; nra;ag;glyhk;. th;j;jff; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs; kw;Wk; epjpapaw; fUtpfs; kPjhd ,og;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; re;ijfSf;Fk; Cfq;fSf;fpilapyhd NtWghL vd;gtw;wpw;F vjpuhf ,lh;Neh;T Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf gad;gLj;jf; $ba nrhj;J my;yJ Rl;nlz; epjpapaw; ngWjpfs; Nghd;w tplaq;fspd; cs;spUf;Fk; tpiyapypUe;J epjpapay; ngWjpapd; ngWkjp fpilf;fpwJ. ,U NtWgl;l epjpapay; ngWjpfs; cs;sd. Kd;Nehf;fpa kw;Wk; njhlHGila fUtpfSk;> kw;Wk; RaNjHT MFk;. ngUksTf;F nghJthd Kd;Nehf;fpa fUtpfshf Kd;Nehf;fpa xg;ge;jq;fs; > vjpHfhy xg;ge;jq;fs;> Kd;Nehf;fpa tPj cld;ghLfs; kw;Wk; tl;b tPj Nguk;. epjpapay; ngWjp fUk gPlj;jpNyNa th;j;jfk; vd;gd tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,jidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mit thbf;ifahsh;fSf;Nfw;g tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,tw;iw epjpapay; epWtdq;fspy; nfhs;tdT nra;ayhk;. my;yJ mit ey;y cw;gj;jpfs; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l ghptHj;jid epiyaq;fspy; th;j;jfk; nra;ag;gLk ;. ,yq;ifapy;> epjpapay; ngWkjp gue;jstpy; gad;gLj;jg;glhtpl;lhYk;> Kd;Nehf;fpa xg;ge;jq;fs; > Kd;Nehf;fpa tPj cld; gbf;iffs; kw;Wk; tl;b tPj Nguk; vd;gd tsHr;rpngwj; njhlq;fpAs;sd.

nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT mbg;gil cl;fl;likg;G.
epjpapay; Kiwikapd; kpf Kf;fpakhd njhopw;ghLfspy; xd;W ahnjdpy; nfhLg;gdfspdJk; > gpizaq;fspd; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspdJk; ghJfhg;gpidAk; nray;jpwidAk; cWjp nra;tjhFk;. nghpa ngWkjp kw;Wk; rpwpa ngWkjpf; nfhLg;gdTfs; ,uz;bdJk; nray;ghl;bw;F ntt;NtW Kiwikfs; toq;FtjidNa epjpapay; cl;fl;likg;G Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. jdpg;gl;ltHfSf;F ,ilNaAk; > epWtdq;fSf;F ,ilNaAk; epjpapay; flg;ghLfis jPHg;gdT nra;tjidAk; epjpapay; epWtdq;fspd; fzf;Ffspy; cs;s gzj;jpid khw;WtjidAk; nfhLg;gdT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT Kiwik ,ayr; nra;fpwJ .

,yq;ifapy; gpujhd nfhLg;gdT, jPHT kw;Wk; jPHg;gdT Kiwfs; gpd;tUkhW.