• v`N]jmy apnyn
  x`N\d h` @s\v` apnyny b`E`vk]n\ @w`rv s]q[ k]r}mt bly lb` q} a#w. XY} lAk`@v] v`N]j b#Ak;vk @q\X}y b#Ak; e\kkyk a#w] wmn\@g\ r#p]yl\ g]N[mkt @h`\ apnynkr#vn\@g\ v]@q\X}y m[ql\ g]N[mkt wm ax]mwy pr]q] apnyn kr#vn\t wm apnyn ip#y}m| b#r krv` g#n}mt @h`\ em m[ql\ p]trt pY`g\En vw\km] m]lq}g#n}m sQh` @y`qvn\@n\ n#w\nm] v]@q\Xyn\h] wb` g#n}mt n]qhs q} a#w. e@s\ v[vq, @k`rl\ sh s]p\p] kt[, a#w\qw\, kPvr l} (aw\km] a`k`r@yn\), q#v (kQn\ h` l$l] vX@yn\) h` @p_r`N]k @m`\tr~ rW apnyny sQh` a`nyn h` apnyn p`lk@g\ blpwYyk\ lb` g#n}m avX& @v|.
  
  eb#v]n\ apnyn sQh` a`nyn h` apnyn p`lk@g\ blpwYyk\ avX& x`N\d h#r an]k;w\ x`N\d apnyn k]s]q[ b`E`vk]n\ @w`rv v`N]j b#Ak; hrh` s]q[ kL h#k.
  
  v`N]jmy a`nyn
  rj@y\ @v@LQ pYw]pw\w]yt ytw\v, a`nyn h` apnyn p`ln pnw yt@w\ n]kOw\ krn lq mw; k]y#@vn rj@y\\ g#st] n]@v]qnvlt ytw\v b`E`vk]n\ @w`rv a`nyn sQh` m[ql\ @gv]y h#k]y. g#st] n]@v]qn q]nyn\ h` aAkyn\ @m@s\y. 1977/11/15 q]n aAk 291/7, 1998/4/8 q]n aAk 1022/6 sh ps[ sA@X`\E]w g#st| n]@v|qn 2003/2/27 q]n aAk 1277/12, 2003/12/18 q]n aAk 1319/28 qrN n]@v]qn.
  
  an\wr`l ( Entrepot ) @v@LQ`m
  phw sQhn\ kY]y`q`my an[v Nyvr l]p]yk\ p]h]t[v}@mn\ h` @gv}m mw l]yv]l] sh pYw]gYhny mw l]yv]l] pqnm] yt@w\ an\wr`l @v@LQ`m sQh` x`N\d a`nyny k]r}mt bly q} a#w.

  w;n\@vn] rtkt pYw] apnyny krn @wk\ e\v` bn\E]w gOqmk (@r~g;@vh] rR]w gbd`vk) gbd` kL y[w;y. w;n\@vn] rtkt pYw] apnyny k]r}mt @pr a`nyny kl x`N\d n#vw a#s]r}m/@l\bl\ g#s}m /s[U @vns\k]r}m] a`q]y kL y[w\@w\ bn\E]w gOqmk s]ty. x`N\d @x_w]kv v]kONn\n`@g\ rtt s^j[vm @n`@gn\v` @qv#n] rtk]n\ w;n\@vn] rtkt apnyny k]r}m bn\E]w gOqmkt x`N\d @gn @n`@g`s\ vr`@y\q} @h`\ gOvn\ @w`t[p@l\ q} @kl]n\m n#vk]n\ @h`\ g;vn\ y`nyk]n\ @vnw\ ekkt m`r# k]r}m. @k@s\v[vq, @r~gOv mg]n\ an\wr`l @v@LQ`m yt@w\ pYw] apnyny sQh` @rq]p]L], n]m] a#Q[m], mw\ qYv&, av] a`y[E h` @vd] @b@hw\ v#n] ay]wmyn\ a`nyny k]r}m whnm] @k`t a#w. pYw] apnyny sQh` idq} a#w\@w\ aw\w]k`rm| @gv}@m| @k`n\@q\s]y mw @gv}m] kYmy, @gv}m] mw x`N\d x`rq}m] h` Nyvr l]p] n]ymyn\ yt@w\ pmNk\ vn awr pYw]gYhny mw @gv}m] k]r}@m] pqnm sQh` @m@wk\ avsr q} n#w.

• n#v] h` g;vn\ g`s\w;
  n#v] n]@y`\j]wyn\t sh g;vn\ @s\v` n]@y`\j]wyn\t wm m[ls\W`ny @vn[@vn\ pYv`hn g`s\w; ekw; k]r]mt bly pvr` a#w] awr e\\v` v`N]j b#Ak;vk pvw\v`@gn yn jAgm r#p]yl\ g]N[mkt @h`\ v]@X\S v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[mkt b#r kL y[w;y. vr`y g`s\w;, kn\@t]nr~ @m@hyv}@m] g`s\w; h` n]@y`\j]w @k`m]s\ v#n] @mrt s]yl[ @gv}m| em g]N[@mn\ @gv]y y[w;y. g]N[@m] h]Gyk\ a#w]v[v@h`w\ wm m[ls\W`n@yn\ l#@bn m[ql\vl]n\ ey p]yvn bvt n]@y`\j]wyn\ v]s]n\ b#Ak;vt shw]k v]y y[w;y. XY} lAk`@v] s]yU v]yqm] p]yv}@mn\ ps[ g]N[@m] aw]r]k\wyk\ a#w] v[v@h`w\ v]n]my p`lk@g\ p{r~v avsryk\ @n`m#w]v em m[ql\ h]m]v]y y[wO wm v]@q\X m[ls\W`ny @vw y#v}mt avsr q} a#w.
  
• x`N\d n#v| gw k]r}m
  x`N\d n#v| gw k]r}@m| kty[w;vl @yq} s]t]n sm`gm] 1990/12/20 q]n aAk 641/15 qrN rj@y\ g#st] n]@v]qny an[v v]n]my p`ln @qp`r~w@m]n\w;@v] l]y`pq]Ac] v]y y[w; awr ov[n\@g\ em gn[@qn[ sQh` jAgm r#p]yl\ g]N[mk\ pvw\v`@gn y` y[w;y.
  
• a`q`ym] e@wr y#v}m
  phw sQhn\ gn[@qn[ v`N]j b#Ak; hrh` s]q[k]r]mt avsr q} a#w.

  wm @s\v` g]v]s[m] an[v @s\v` @y`\jky]n\ v]s]n\ rt]n\ p]tv g]y @s\vky]n\ @vn[@vn\ krn v#t[p\/@v]wn h` an]k;w\ @gv}m] l`x`AX, @p`L}, @gvl\ kOl} sh l`x a#w;U a`@y`\jn a`q`ym phw sQhn\ kr#N[ pY`g\En g]N[@m| gn[@qn[ @ls]n\ s#l@k\.

• v]@q\X a`@y`\jn
  XY} lAk`@v] @n\v`s]kyn\ v]@q\Xyn\h] a`@y`\jn k]r}m sQh` v]@q\X v]n]my n]qhs\ k]r}mt v]n]my p`lk @vw ayq[m| krn[ lby]. ek} a`@y`\jn v]n]my p`ln pN@w\ 17 @vn] vgn\w]y yt@w\\ n]ym]w v]@q\Xyn\h] sm`gm] @k`ts\ h]m]kr g#n}m sQh` nm] It gr# m[ql\ a#mw]w;m`@g\ an[m#w]y sh]wv pmNk\ em a`@y`\jnyn\ kl h#k]y. ev#n] n]ym]w @k`ts\ h]m]kr g#n}mk\ sm|bn\E@yn\ @n`v[v q 1985 @n`v#m]br~ 19 @vn] q]n qrn m[ql\ a#mw]vry`@g\ v]E`ny pr]q] s]yl[m v]@q\X a`@y`\jn sQh` vn ayq[m]pw\ vlt v]n]my p`lkvry`@g\ n]r~@q\Xy smG an[m#w]y lb` gw y[w;y]. @my @q\X}y v&vs`ykyn\@g\ v]@q\X}y X`K` sh sm|bn\E}krN k`r~y`l p]h]t[v}m sQh` v]@q\X v]n]my il\l` l#@bn ayq[m]pw\ vlt q aq`L @v|.
  
  sm`gm] @s\vky]n\@g\ v]@q\X a`@y`\jn kLBk\(ekwOvk\)
  XY} lAk`@v] kY]y`w\mk vn v]@q\X}y sm`gm]vl @s\vky]n\t em sm`gm]vl @k`ts\ h]m]krq}@m| v#d p]L]@vl n]s` em @s\vky]n\t aw\@vn v]@q\X v]n]my pYw]l`x g#n slk` bl` a#mw]w;m` @vw n]r~@q\X krn[ l#@b].
  

  @q\X}y sm`gm] v]s]n\ v]@q\Xyn\h] X`K` @h`\ sm|bn\E}krN k`r~y`l p]h]t[v}m
  XY} lAk`@v] a`nynkr#vn\\ v]@q\Xyn\h] k`r~y`l pvw\v` g#n}m sh XY} lAk`@v] @k`n\wY`w\kr#vn\ v]@q\Xyn\h] @s\v` s#py}m] p]L]bQ ayq[m]pw\ m[ql\ a#mw]vry` @vw n]r~@q\X krn[ l#@b ]. enm[w\ XY} lAk` a`@y`\jn mN\dly v]s]n\ an[mw krn lq sm`gm]vlt v]@q\Xyn\h] a`@y`\jn y k]r}m sQh` an[m#w]y l#b} a#w\nm] n#vw v]n]my p`ln pnw yt@w\ an[m#w]y lb` g#n}m avX& @n`@v]. e@s\ avX& @n`vn\@n\ em a`@y`\jny, a`@y`\jn mN\dly h` ekG v} a#w] v&`p`r]k kty[wO sQh` pmN]. X}Y l`Ak]k apnynyn\ sQh` v]@q\X @v@Lq@p`lt a#wOP v}@m| @h`\ w`RN]k @s\v` yn`q]y s#py}@m| @h`\ iQ] k]r}@m| @k`n\wY`w\vlt elB}@m| aqhs]n\ X`K` k`r~y`l h` sm|bn\E}krN k`r~y`l p]h]t[v}@m| ayq[m| pw\ m[ql\ am`w&`AXyt n]r~@q\X krn[ l#@b|.
  
  v]@q\Xyn\@gn\ p[q\gl]k Ny g#n}m]
  @q\X}y @n\v`s]k sm`gm] v]s]n\ v]@q\Xyn\@gn\ Ny g#n}m sQh` iq]r]pw\ @k@rn ayq[m]pw\ em k`r~y@y\ @y`\g&w`v p]L]bQv slk` bl` v]n]my p`lk v]s]n\ an[mw k]r}m @h`\ pYw]@R\p k]r}m krn[ l#@b ].

  @n\v`s]k apnyn sm`gm] v]@q\X v&vh`r m[ql\ Nyt g#n}m
  v]@q\X v]n]my ip#y]m|, wm k`rk sh s\W`vr pY`g\En avX&w`vyn\ it[k]r}mt pYm`Nvw\y yn\n p]L]bQv b#Ak;v s$h]mkt pw\ vn\@n\ nm| apnynky]n\t v]@q\X m[ql\ Ny s#py}mt v`n]j b#Ak;vlt avsr q} a#w. @mm Ny pYq`ny krn[@y\ apnynkr#@g\ k`rk sh s\W`vr pY`g\En avX&w` sp[r`l}m p]N]s vn awr Ny @gv}@m| k`ly p}L]bQ k]s]q[ b`E`vk\ @n`m#w. @mm Ny h` @p`l]y a`ps[ @gv}m v]@q\X m[ql]n\ v]y y[w;y. @mm Ny a`ps[ @gv}mt @n`h#k] v[v@h`w\ Ny sQh` s[rFkOm| @ls ugs\ kr a#w] vw\km| v]@q\X m[qlt a@lv ] kr m[ql\ a`ps[ lb` g#n}mt s]yl[ uw\s`hyn\ q#r]y y[w;y. em uw\s`hyn\ as`r~Wk v[v@h`w\ pmNk\ apnyn r#p]yl\ ip#y}m] avX& pYm`Nyt v]@q\X m[qlt pr]vr~wny kr Ny m[q@l\ h]G @X\Sy p]yv]y y[w;y.
  
  a#p an[mw k]r}m|
  @n\v`s]k@yk; XY} lAk`@vn\ p]t o]n$m Nykt @h`\ @vnw\ b#Q}mkt @h`\ vgk}mkt a#p vn\@n\ nm| e\ sQh` v]n]my p`lk@g\ s`m`n& avsryk\ @h`\ v]@X\S avsryk\ avX& @v]. ev#n] a#p shw]k n]kOw\ k]r}mt @h`\ al[w\ k]r}mt @h`\ It sm`n kty[wO sQh` lAk`@v] blylw\ @v@Lq[n\t v]n]my p`lk v]s]n\ avsr q} a#w. a@n\v`s]kykOt @pY\SNy kL h#k] r#p]yl\ @gv}mk\ @h`\ phw sQhn\ arm[N[ u@qs` v]@q\X v&vh`r m[ql]n\ @gv}mk\ m}t a#wOlw\ @v|.

a@n\v`s]ky]n\ @vn[@vn\ apnyn h` @vnw\ @s\v` g]v]s[m| sm|bn\E@yn\ @tn\dr@y\ @h`\ m]l k#Qv[@mh] qk\v` a#w] @k`n\@q\s] pr]q] el@Bn lAs[ a#pkr sm|bn\E@yn\ X}Y lAk`@vn\ p]tw @n\v`s]k p[q\gly]n\ (a@n\v`s]ky]n\) @vn[@vn\ apnyn h` @vnw\ @s\v` s#py}m| sQh` g]v]s[@m| @k`n\@q\s] it[k]r}@m| h` @k`n\wY`w\wOv pYq`ny k]r}@m| shw]ky mw eL@Bn k`r~&y s`En a#pkr sm|bn\E@yn\ v]@q\X n]@y`\j]wyn\ @vn[@vn\ a@n\v`s]kyn\ sQh`, XY} lAk`@v] @n\v`s]k n]@y`\j]wyn\@g\, il\l}m mw n]kOw\krn a#mr]k` ek\sw\ jnpq @d`lr~ 500,000 t vd` vt]n`kmk\ a#w] a#pkrykt pYw] a#p a`vrNyk\ @h`\ pYw] h`N]p{rNyk\ a@n\v`s]k n]@y`\j]wyn\@gn\ n]ym]w @k`n\@q\s] mw m[l\ a#pkrykt amwrv lb`gw y[w;y. @mv#n] shw]k n]k;w\ k]r}mt @mn\m k`ly q]g; k]r}mtw\ e\ sQh` h]m]km] ayq[m]pw\ l#b[@n`w\ m[ql\ @gv}mtw\ bly lw\ @v@Lq[nt h#k]y. a#mr]k` ek\sw\ jnpq @d`lr~ 500,000 v#d] vt]n`kmk\ a#w] b#AkO a#pkr yn\ v]n]my p`lk v]s]n\ an[mw kl y[wOy.

• @n\v`s]ky]n\@g\ v]@q\X}y @k`n\wY`w\w;
  v]@q\X}}y p`r~Xvyn\ smG g]v]s[m|vlt eL@Bn @q\X}y sm`gm|vlt v]n]my p`lkvry`@g\ an[m#w]y sh]wv ov[n@g\ m{l]k pY`g\Eny p]trtkt rF@gn y` h#k\@k\ aw]r]k\w arm[ql\ w]@b|nm| e\v` X}Y lAk`vt l#b]y y[w;y yn @k`n\@q\s]yt ytw\vy.
• b[q\E]my @q\pl ay]w]y m]lq} g#n}m
  b[q\E]my @q\pl ay]w]y, kw^ h]m]km wb`g#n}m, @v@LQ lk;N[ aE]k`r]y wb`g#n}@m| ay]w]y yn k`r~y sQh` m[ql\ @p\YSNy k]r}mt avsr lb`q}mt aq`l am`w&AX@y\ n]r~@q\X mw v]n]my p`lkt h#k]y.

1. a@n\v`s]k v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] (NRFC) (“ v]@q\X m[ql\ gn[@qn[ p]L]bQ aw\@p`w ”)
2. @n\v`s]k v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] (RFC) (em)
3. @n\v`s]k v]j`w]kyn\@g\ v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] (RNNFC) (em)
4. apnykr#vn\@g\ v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] (EFC) (em)
5. @n\v`s]k a`gn\w;k v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] (RGFC) (em)
6. vkY apnykr#vn\@g\ v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] (IEFC) (em)

• vkY apnyn kr#vn\@g\\ (s^j[ apnyn]kyn\ @n`vn) v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] (IEFC)
  apnyn kr#vn\ q]r]g#n\v}m| sQh` @my hQ[n\v` q} a#w. e\ mg]n\ vkY apnykr#vn\t v]@q\X m[ql]n\ @gv}m| klh#k] s^j[ apnyn kr#vn\@g\ s#py[m| sQh` v]@q\X m[ql\ vl]n\ @gv]m] lb` g#n}@m| h#k]y`vk\ l#b} a#w. @mm phs[km lb` @qn[@y\ vkY apnykr#vn\ @vw spyn x`N\d@y\ @q\X}y ekw; kL vt]n`km s]yyt 35 kt v#d] v[v@h`w\ pmN].vkY apnykr#vn\ v]s]n\ krn[ lbn ev#n] s#py[m| vl x`N\d s]yyt 35 kt vd` @q\X}y ekwO kl ag@yn\ y[k\w bvt XY} lAk` a`@y`\jn mN\dly @h`\ XY} lAk` apnyn sAvr~En mN\dly mG]n\ n]r~@q\X krn[ l#b{ shw]kyk\ lb`g#n}mt v`N]j b#AkO kty[wO kl y[wOy.

• i@lk\@tY`n]k m[ql\ h[vm`r# k`d]pw\
  XY} lAk`@v] @n\v`s]ky n\t hr, b#r sh an]k;w\ v]q&[w\ m[ql\ p#vr#m| k`d]pw\ n]k;w\ k]r}mt blylw\ @v@Lq[n\t h#k]y. e@s\m em k`d]pw\ a@n\v`s]k v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] h]m]yn\t, @n\v`s]k v]j`w]k v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] h]m]yn\t, @n\v`s]k v]@q\X m[ql\ g]N[m] h]m]yn\t sh @q\X}y v&vh`r m[ql\ g]N[m| h]m]yn\t q n]k;w\ kL h#k. j`w&n\wr gn[@qn[ kL h#k] @mm k`d]pw\ phw sQhn\ k`r~yyn\ sQh` v]@q\X m[ql]n\ @gv}m| k]r}mt q @y`q`gw h#k]y.

  k`d]pw\ h]m]y` v]s]n\ e@wr q} wm p[q\gl]k s\vx`v@y\ gmn` gmn, l#G;m], @@vq&, aE&`pn h` j}vw\v}@m] v]yqm] @vn[@vn\ krn @gv}m] sQh` @p_q\gl]k pr]hrny sQh` e@wrq} avX&vn bd[b`h]r`q]y m]lt g#n}mt upr]my a#. e. j. @d`lr~ 3,000 @h`\ e\ h` sm`n @vnw\ v]@q\X m[qlk]n\ wm p[q\gl]k p`v]c|c]y sQh` X}Y lAk`vt x`N\d a`nyny k]r}mt v]@q\X}y aE&`pn]k @h`\ v^w\w}y a`ywnyk l]y`pq]Ac} v}@m| g`s\wO, v]x`g g`s\wO h` v`r~S]k q`yk m[ql\ @gv}m sQh` p[q\gl]k s\vx`v@y\ gmn\, @@vq& sh rRN v`r]k @gv}m sQh`

• rn\ @v@Lq`m
  vr~S 2002 @n`v#m|br~ 22 v#n] q]n aAk 1263/10 qrn rj@y\ g#st| n]@v|qnyt an[v @mrtt rn\ a`nyny k]r}m sQh` mwO q#k\@vn kr#n[ vlt ytw\v @p`q[ avsryk\ pYE`ny kr a#w.

  o|n$m a@ykOt X}Y lAk`@v| q} rwYn\ m]L q} g#n}mt X}Y lAk`@v| v`sy krn o|n$m a@ykOt rwYn\ v]k]N}mt o|n$m a@ykO X}Y lAk`@vn\ rn\ apnyn krn v]tq} sh X}Y lAk`vt rn\ a`nyny krn v]tq}} apnynykr# @h`\ a`nynykr# v]s]n\ e\ p]L]bQv X}Y lAk` @r~gOvt pYk`Xyk\ kl y[wOy. eh] rn\ pYm`Ny sh vt]n`kmq sqhn\ v]y y[wO awr em apnyny @h`\ a`nyny k]r}@m| arm[Nq lb`q]y y[wO awr, em x`N\d a`nyny h` apnyny k]r}m p]L]bQv a`nyn h` apnyn p`ln pn@w\ @rgOl`s]vltq an{kOl v]y y[wOy. @w`g g]N[m| pqnm yt@w\ rwYn\ a`nyny kl h#k] vn\@n\ v]n]my p`lk v]s]n\ e\m k`r~&y sQh` an[mw krn lq blylw\ v`N]j b#AkOvlt @h`\ s}m]w vgk}m| sh]w sm`gmkty.

• pX\c`w\ s[n`m] m[ql\ l#b}m| g]N[m|
  2005 @pbrv`r] 15 q]n s]t @mrtt m[ql\ vX@yn\ s]yl[m v]@q\X}y p[q\gly]n\@gn\, a`ywnvl]n\ (v]@q\X}y rjyn\q a#wOl[v) lAk`@v| kY]y`w\mk vn r`j& @n`vn a`ywn vlt l#b[n s]yl[ m[ql\ pX\c`w\ s[n`m] a`m[K @pY\SN g]N[m yn[@vn\ h#q]n\@vn v]@X\S g]N[m hrh` s]q[v]y y[wOy.

jAgm j`w&n\wr gn[[@qn[
a@n\v`s]kyn\t @n\v`s]kyn\ smg jAgm j`w&n\wr g]N[m| gN[@qn[ sQh` avsr q} a#w. blylw\ @v@Lq[n\ hrh` phw sQhn\ gN{@qn[ k]r}mt avsr a#w.

• x`N\d h` @s\v` a`nyny h` apnyny k]r}m
• a`q`ym| @gv}m
  @s\v` @y`\jky]n\ v]s]n\ @s\v` g]v]s[m| an[v @gvn[ lbn l`x`AX, @p`l}, v#t[p\ sh an]kOw\ l#b}m| sh]w s]yl[a`@y`\jn a`q`ym| sh a`@y`\jnyn\h] l`x sh pY`g\Eny @gny`m|

• X}Y lAk`@v| v]@q;\X}y s^j[ a`@y`\jn
  @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn
  @n\v`s]k sm`gm| v]s]n\ v]@q;\X}y a`@y`\jky]n\t (a@n\v`s]kyn\t) @k`ts\ n]k;w\ k]r}m v]n]my p`lk@g\ p{r~v an[m#w]yk]n\ @w`rv, 2002/4/19 q;]n aAk 1232/14 sh 2002/8/8 q;]n aAk 1248/19 q;rn rj@y\ g#st| n]@v|q;ny an[v a#w#m| s}m`vn\ sh ad[k]r}m| sh]wv @p`q{ avsry pYq;`ny kr a#w. a`@y`\jn k\@S\wYyn\h]q;} arm[q;l\ gl`y`m| s]q{v]y y[w\@w\ @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn b`h]r r#p]yl\ g]N[m| ( SIERA ) nm]n\ a#w] g]N[m| mg]n]. a`@y`\jkyn\@gn\ pr]vr~w& v]@q;\X m[q;l]n\ l#b[N[ a`m[K @pY\SN g]N[@m| ( inward remittances ) b#rt sthn\ kL y[w; awr @mm a`@y`\jn v]k]N}@mn\ l#@bn m[q;l\ sh l`x`AX @mm g]N[m| hrh` @pY\SNy kL h#k]y.

  v]@q;\X}y a`@y`\jky]n\ (a@n\v`s]ky]n\) @q;\X}y sm`gm|vl a`@y`\jny k]r}@m|q;} @mm g]N[m| hrh` s]q{ @n`krn\@n\ nm| @q;\X}y sm`gm v]@q;\X}y a`@y`\jky]n\ @vn[@vn\ @k`ts\ n]k;w;v sQ;h` v]n]my p`lk@g\ an[m#w]y lb`gw y[w;y. @mm an[m#w]y lb` g#n}m sQ;h`, v]@q;\X}y a`@y`\jky` v]s]n\ sm`gmt arm[q;l\ @pY\SNy kL bvt l]K]w s`k\S]/b#Ak; whv[r# k]r}m| sh]wv aq;`l sm`gm v]s]n\ v]n]my p`ln @q;p`r~w@m|n\w;v @vw ayq{m|pwk\ iq;]r]pw\ kL y[w;y]. a@n\v`s]k @k`ts\ h]m]yn\t pYs`q; @k`ts\ n]k;w\ k]r}m sQ;h` @n\v`s]k sm`gm|q; v]n]my p`ln @q;p`r~w@m|n\w;@v| an[m#w]y lb`gw y[w;y.

  a@n\v`s]k a`@y`\jn sQ;h` an[mw @n`kL h` s}m]w k\@S\wY phw q;k\v` a#w.

• a@n\v`s]k a`@y`\jn sQ;h` an[mw @n`kL k\@S\wY

  m[q;l\ Nyt q;}m rn\ x`N\d uks\ g#n}m pY`g\Eny a#.e.j. @d`lr~ q;X lk\Sykt ad[ s]l\lr @vLQ;`m @vrLbd ms[n\ a#l\l}m

• a@n\v`s]k a`@y`\jn sQ;h` s}m]w k\@S\wY (m[U @k`ts\ pY`g\En@yn\ 40% q;k\v` s}m]wy)

  j`w&n\wrv w}rNy krn[ l#b{ pAg; s}m`vn\t ytw\v X}Y lAk`@vn\ krn[ lbn apnyn x`N\d n]S\p`q;ny @w\, rbr~, @p`l\, @k`@k`\v`, v}, uk\ sh k;Ubd[ v#v}m sh e\v`@yh] m{l]k s#k#s\m n#vw @n`l#@bn j`w]k sm|pw\ k#n}m sh e\v`@yh] pY`Wm]k k]Yy`vl]y @q;\X}y q;#v x`v]w@yn\ krn q;#v a`X]Yw kr~m`n\w ms[n\ a#l\l}m (g#B[r# m[h[@q;\ ms[n\ a#l\l}m) jn sn\n]@v|q;ny aE&`pny x`N\d n#v|gw k]r}m sAc`rk e\jn\s] n#v| kty[w; e\jn\s]

• m[U @k`ts\ pY`g\En@yn\ an[mw @k`ts\ pY`g\Enyn\ q;k\v` a#w] s}m`k]r}m
  @mh] phw q;k\v` a#w] v&`p`rvl]n\ k]s]vk\ kr@gn yn @h`\ kr@gn y`mt @y`\jn` krn sm`gmk @k`ts\ pY`g\En@yn\ e\ sm`g@m| n]k;w\ kL pY`g\En@yn\ pYw]Xwyk\ q;k\v` pmNk\ @my]n\ pYq;`ny krn[ lbn avsry aq;`l v]y y[w; awr, ek} pYw]Xwy X}Y lAk` a`N\d[v v]s]n\ @h`\ ev#n] v&`p`ryn\ sm|bn\E@yn\ v]@q;\X a`@y`\jn an[mw k]r}m sQ;h` p]h]t[vn lq; ym| @@nw]k @h`\ pr]p`ln aE]k`ry v]s]n\ @h`\ s`m`n& @h`\ v]@X\S an[m#w]y pYq;`ny @k`t w]b]y y[w;y.

  g;vn\ gmn\ phs[km| @vrLbd n`v]k kty[w; 1990 aAk 46 q;rn kr~m`n\w pYvr~En pn@wh] @q;vn up@l\Kn@y\ n]r$pny krn lq; kr~m`n\w enm|, av] a`y[E, pw@r`m|, p[p[rN qYv&, y[q;\E hm[q;` v`hn, upkrN, g;vn\ y`n sh @vnw\ y[q;\E hm[q;` q;^d`Ag n]pq;vn kr~m`n\w: vs, mw\ qYv&, mq;&s`r, anw;r#q;`yk o_SE, upqYv sh]w @h`\ p]L]k` k`rk qYv& n]pq;vn kr~m`n\w: v&vh`r m[q;l\, k`s] @h`\ s[r”k;m| @l\Kn n]pq;vn kr~m`n\w mh` pr]m`N@yn\ krn y`n\w]Yk m#N]k\ k#p}m @l`wrFy]

• X}Y lAk` sAvr~En b#Q{m|kr
  2001 vr~S@y\q;} X}Y lAk` sAvr~En b#Q{m|kr (SLDBs) nm]n\ a#. e. j. @d`lr~ vl]n\ m]l krn lq; rj@y\ b#Q{m|kr X}Y lAk` rjy v]s]n\ n]k;w\ k]r}mt avsr l#b[N[ awr em b#Q{m|kr phw sQ;hn\ a@n\v`s]k p[q;\gly]n\ sh a`ywnvlt a@lv]y sQ;h` n]@y`\j]wy]n\ (v`N]j b#Ak; sh pY`Wm]k @v@LQ{n\) pw\ k]r}mt, v]n]my p`ln @q;p`r~w@m|n\w;@v| avsry lb`@q;n lq;}.

X}Y lAk`@v| @n\v`s]k @h`\ a@n\v`s]k, @vnw\ rtk p[rv#s]@yk\ X}Y lAk`@vn\ p]tw s\W]r pq;]Ac]y a#w] X}Y lAk`@v| @n\v`s]kyn\ rFk]y`vk n]y[w;v}mt, @v@LQ; v&`p`ryk\ a`rm|x k]r}mt @h`\ v^w\w]yk n]y#L}mt X}Y lAk`@vn\ p]twt pYgmny kL h` e@wr pq;]Ac] X}Y lAk`@v| @n\v`s]k@yk; s\W]r pq;]Ac]y X}Y lAk`@vn\ p]tw bv sn`W k]r}mt ytw\v q;\v]w\v p[rv#s]x`vy h]m] X}Y lAk`@v| p[rv#s]yn\ X}Y lAk`v h#r @vnw\ rtk n}w]y yt@w\ p]h]t[vn lq; s\W`p]w @h`\ s\W`p]w @n`kL sAs\W` m]Lq;} gn[ lbn s]yUm X}Y lAk` sAvr~En b#Q{m|kr sm`gm|vl apnyn ip#y}m| b#r k]r}@m| arm[N]n\ pvw\v`@gn yn v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l\ g]N[m|vlt hr k]r}mt ytw\v, v]n]my p`ln pn@w\ v]E]v]E`nyn\@gn\ b#h#rv, 1978 aAk 4 q;rn X}Y lAk` a`@y`\jn mN\dl pn@w\ 17 vgn\w]y pYk`r g]v]s[m| vlt eLB[n[ sm`gm| m]Lq;} gn[ lbn s]yUm X}Y lAk` sAvr~En b#Q{m|kr v]n]my p`lk@g\ an[m#w]y sh]wv v`N]j b#Ak;vl pvw\v`@gn yn[ lbn v]@X\S v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l\ g]N[m|vl hrt sthn\ k]r}mt ytw\v, 2000 aAk 43 q;rn rk\SN kr~m`n\w pnw yt@w\ X}Y lAk`v w;l rk\SN v&`p`ry pvw\v`@gn y$mt l]y`pq;]Ac] krn lq; sm`gm| v]n]my p`ln pn@w\ aAk 4 yt@w\ pw\ krn lq; blylw\ @v@LQ{n 1937, @k`ts\ h` s[rFk;m| a`Z;` pn@w\ aAk 7 h` 1923, @q;\X}y x`N\d`g`r b]l\ a`Z;` pn@w\ aAk 8 yt@w\ l]y`pq;]Ac] v{, m[q;l\ mN\dly v]s]n\ pw\ krn lq; pY`Wm]k @v@LQ{n\

• X}Y lAk` j`w]y @g`dn#Av}@m| b#Q{m|kr
  2006 vr~S@y\q;}, X}Y lAk` j`w]y @g`dn#Av}@m| b#Q{m|kr (SLNBBs) nm]n\ a#. e. j. @d`lr~, bY]w`n& pv[m| sh y[@r`\ vl]n\ m]l krn rj@y\ b#Q{m|kr, X}Y lAk` rjy v]s]n\ phw sQ;hn\ a`@y`\jky]n\t n]k;w\ k]r}m sQ;h` avsr lb` @q;n lq;}.

  @vnw\ rtk s\W]r v`ss\W`ny a#w] X}Y l`Ak]ky]n\ v]@q;\Xyk rFk]y`vk n]y[w; / @v@LQ; v&`p`ryk\ a#rB{ X}Y lAk` p[rv#s]yn\ q;\v]w\v p[rv#s]x`vy sh]w X}Y l`Ak]k p[rv#s]yn\ v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l\ upyn, X}Y lAk`@v| @h`\ p]trt v`sy krn X}Y l`Ak]k v^w\w}y@v|q]n\ sh ihw sQ;hn\ kN\d`ym| @vn[@vn\ k]Yy`w\mk vn b#Ak;

• e@wr rFk]y` krn X}Y l`Ak]ky]n\t v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l]n\ Ny
  X}Y lAk`v w;L n]v`syk\ iq;]k]r}mt @h`\ m]Lq;} g#n}m sQ;h` e@wr rFk]y`vk n]y[k\w X}Y l`Ak]k@yk;t v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l]n\ Nyk\ lb` g#n}m sQ;h` avsr l#@bn awr, em Ny m[q;l n#vw @gv]y y[w\@w\ v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l\ ip#y}m| vl]n]. em p[q;\gly]n\t ov[n\@g\ a@n\v`s]k v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l\ g]N[m| (NRFC) a#pyt wb`q;, o|n$m k`rNyk\ sQ;h` v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l]n\ Ny lb`gw h#k. @mm Ny m[q;l\ n]q;hs\ kL y[w\@w\ r#p]yl\vl]n\ vn awr Nyg#w]y`@g\ v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l]n\ l#@bn ip#y}m|vl]n\ a`ps[ @gv]y y[w;y.
• a@n\v`s]kyn\ v]s]n\ p`lny krn lq; sm`gm|vlt r#p]yl\vl]n\ Ny phs[km|
  @k`ts\ h]m]kr#vn\ bh[wryk\ a@n\v`s]kyn\ vn X}Y lAk`@v| sAs\W`gw sm`gm|vlt r#p]yl\vl]n\ Ny sh aw\w]k`rm| lb`q;}mt v]@q;\X v]n]my sQ;h` blylw\ @v@LQ{n\t avsr lb`q;} a#w.
• v]g`m]kyn\t ( Emigrants ) pY`g\En p#vr#m|
  pY`g\En vw\km| v]k]N}@mn\ l#@bn arm[q;l\ p#vr#m| ek\ pv[lkt r#p]yl\ q;X lk\Syk m[q;lk\ h` ek p[q;\gl@yk;t r#.750,000/-k s}m`vkt ytw\ @v|.
• avh]r g]N[m|
  v]g`m]kyn\ sQ;h` l#@bn @gv}m| ov[n\@g\ avh]r g]N[mt pmNk\ b#r kL y[w;y. avh]r g]N[m|vlt krn b#r k]r}m| em g]N[m| aq;`l v]g`m]ky` @vn[@vn\ @gvn bvt whv[r# v]y y[w;y. pY`g\En gn[@q;n[vl]n\ l#@bn s]yUm av@X\S arm[q;l\, v]g`m]ky`t h]m] m[q;l @pY\SNy k]r}@mn\ anw;r#v avh]r g]N[@m| pvw\v`@gn y` y[w;y. @mm avh]r g]N[m| sQ;h` @p`L} m[q;lk\ @gv]y y[w; awr @mm @p`L} m[q;l @pY\SNy kL h#k]y. avh]r g]N[m|vl a#w] arm[q;l\ gn[@q;n[ kL h#k\@k\ v]n]my p`lk@g\ n]r~@q;\Xy mw pmN].
• · v]g`m]kyn\ sQ;h` a#w] a@nk;w\ phs[km|

  v]g`m]kyn\ X}Y lAk`v w;L krn lq; a`@y`\jnvl]n\ l#@bn a`q;`ym sm|p{r~N@yn\m @pY\SNy kL h#k. v]g`m]ky`t @gv]y y[w; avh]r g]N[mk a#w] arm[q;l\ sQ;h` upyn @p`L} m[q;l v]g`m]ky` X}Y lAk`@vn\ p]tw\v g]y ps[ @pY\SNy krn @vnw\ arm[q;l\ sQ;h` v]n]my p`lk@g\ p{r~v an[m#w]y avX&y].

• a@n\v`s]kyn\ v]s]n\ s\W`vr vw\km| aw\pw\ kr g#n}m| sh a@lv]y
  a@n\v`s]kyk; @q;\pl m]Lq;} g#n}mt h` q;]y[N[ k]r}mt x`v]w` krn lq;\@q;\ v]@q;\X v]n]my ip#y}m| nm| em @q;\pl v]k;N` l#@bn m[q;l]n\ em ip#y}m| pYm`Ny q;k\v` pmNk\ v]n]my p`lk@g\ p{r~v an[m#w]y @n`m#w]v @pY\SNy kL h#k. e@s\ nm[w\ pY`g\En l`x @v@w`w\ e\v` avh]r g]N[mkt b#r kL y[w;y. v]g`m]kyn\ @n`vn v]@q;\X p[rv#s]yn\ sQ;h` r#.350,000 s}m`vkt ytw\v avh]r g]N[@mn\ @pY\SNy k]r}m sQ;h` avsr a#w.
• a@n\v`s]kyn\ v]s]n\ X}Y lAk`@v| kr@gn yn[ lbn @k`n\wY`w\w; 
  X}Y lAk`@v| rjy @h`\ @p_q;\gl]k a`ywn smg @k`n\wY`w\w; pvw\v`@gn yn v]@q;\X}y sm`gm| sh v]@q;\X}y p[q;\gly]n\t @n\v`s]k jAgm g]N[m| pvw\v`@gn y` h#k] awr, a`m[K @pY\\SN sh @k`n\wY`w\w;vt aq;`l @gv}m| pmNk\ @mm g]N[mt b#r kL h#k. @q;\X}y v]y p#h#q;m| sh e@wr y#@pn\nn\ ndw\w; k]r}m sQ;h` pYw]m[K @pY\SN @mm g]N[@m| hrt sthn\ kL h#k.

1. a@n\v`s]k r#p]yl\ g]N[m(NRRA)
2. @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn b`h]r r#p]yl\ g]N[m (SIERA)
3. a@n\v`s]k X}Y lAk]k a`@y`\jkyn\ sQ;h` vn r#p]yl\ g]N[m (RANSI)

1.  a@n\v`s]k r#p]yl\ g]N[m(NRRA)
   v]@q;\X]ky]n\, X}Y lAk`@vn\ p]tw l]y`pq;]Ac] kL sm`gm|, v]@q;\Xyn\h] pq;]Ac] X}Y l`Ak]ky]n\ (v]g`m]kyn\ h#r) sh X}Y lAk`v w;L b#Ak; kty[w; s]q{ @n`krn v]@q;\X b#Ak; sQ;h` a@n\v`s]k r#p]yl\ g]N[m| a`rm|x kL h#k.
   X}Y lAk`@vn\ p]tw l]y`pq;]Ac] krn lq; sm`gm| sh v]@q;\X]ky]n\ sQ;h` vn a@n\v`s]k r#p]yl\ g]N[m|vlt krn[ lbn b#r k]r}m| sh hr k]r}m| phw sQ;hn\ kr#N[ vlt s}m` v]y y[w;y]..

   b#r: g]N[m| h]m]y` @vn[@vn\ l#@bn a`m[K @pY\SN (inward remittances) sh pY`g\En gn[@q;n[vl]n\ b]h]vn arm[q;l\ h#r an[mw @q;\X}y b#r k]r]m| hr: j`w&n\wr jAgm gn[@q;n[ @vn[@vn\ s]q{ krn pYw]m[K @pY\SN (outward remittances) sh @q;\X}y v]yp#h#q;m| v]@q;\Xyn\h] pq]Ac]] X}Y l`Ak]ky]n\ v]s]n\ pvw\v`@gn yn[ lbn a@n\v`s]k r#p]yl\ g]N[mt krn[ lbn b#r k]r}m| h` hr k]r}m| phw sQ;hn\ kr#N[vlt s}m` v]y y[w;y]. b#r: g]N[m| h]m]y` @vn[@vn\ l#@bn a`m[K @pY\SN sh @q;\X}y b#r k]r}m| hr: pY`g\En gn[@q;n[ @vn[@vn\ krn pYw]m[K @pY\SN v]@q;\X}y b#Ak; @vn[@vn\ pvw\v`@gn yn[ lbn a@n\v`s]k r#p]yl\ g]N[m| avh]ryk]n\ @w`rv pvw\v` @gn y` h#k.

2. @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn b`h]r r#p]yl\ g]N[m (SIERA)
   @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn b`h]r r#p]yl\ g]N[m|vlt krn b#r k]r}m| h` hr k]r}m| phw q;k\v` a#w. @k@s\ v[vw\ blylw\ @v@LQ{n\ v]s]n\ @mm g]N[m|vlt l#@bn hr sh b#r p]L]bQ; l]K]w s`k\S] pr}k\S` kL y[w;y].

• @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn b`h]r r#p]yl\ g]N[mt b#r k]r}m|

  a`m[K @pY\SN a@n\v`s]k v]@q;\X v&vh`r m[q;l\ g]N[m| / ak\@vrL g]N[m|vl]n\ krn m`r# k]r}m| @k`ts\ v]k]N}@mn\ l#@bn m[q;l\ h` @k`ts\vl]n\ upyn l`x`AX @k`ts\ gn[@q;n[vlt aq;`l @k`m]s\ m[q;l\ @k`ts\ Nyt g#n}m h` Nyt q;}@m| @y`\jn` kYmy yt@w\ Ny g#w]yk;t @k`ts\ Nyt q;}m @vn[@vn\ a@n\v`s]k Nyh]m]y` lb`gw\ g`s\w; sh q;}mn`(SBL) ihw sQ;hn\ @y`\jn` kYmy yt@w\ Nyg#w]yk; v]s]n\ @k`ts\ m`r# k]r}mt a@p`@h`sw\ v{ v]t Ny h]m]y`t m[q;l\ b#r kL y[w;y.

• @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn b`h]r r#p]yl\ g]N[mt krn hr k]r}m|

  a`@y`\jn sQ;h` krn @gv}m| @k`ts\ sQ;h` vn l`x`AX @pY\SNy k]r}m| @k`ts\ v]k]N}@mn\ lw\ m[q;l\ @pY\SNy k]r}m g]N[m| h]m]y`@g\ @q;\X}y v]yq;m| w#r#v|kr#vn\t @h`\ v`N]j b#Ak;vlt @k`m]s\ vX@yn\ krn @gv}m| @k`ts\ Nyt g#n}m h` Nyt q;}@m| @y`\jn` kYmy yt@w\ a@n\v`s]k Nyg#w]y` v]s]n\ Ny h]m]yn\t @gvn lq; arm[q;l\ sh g`s\w; a@n\v`s]k Nyg#w]y` v]s]n\ spyn[ lbn @vnw\ m[q;l\ s[rFk;m|

• @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn b`h]r r#p]yl\ g]N[m| (SIERA) hrh` X}Y lAk`@v| s]q{ krn a`@y`\jnyt aq;`l an]k;w\ kr#N[
  
  v]@q;\X}y a`@y`\jky]n\ smg v]@q;\X v]n]my iq;]r] @v@LQ;@p`@l\q;} v]n]my m]Lq;] g#n]m sQ;h` g]v]s[m|vlt eLB]mt blylw\ @v@LQ{n\t h#k]y. @k`LB @k`ts\ h[vm`r#@v| v]E]v]E`nvlt an[kOl v{ k`ls}m`vk\ q;k\v` k`lykt @k`ts\ m]Lq;} g#n}mt sh e\v`t m[q;l\ @gv}mt @mm phs[km p`v]c|c] kL h#k]y. @mm k`ls}m`v @v@LQ;`m sh @v@LQ; q;]n phk\ yn sAkl\py yt@w\ gn[@q;n[v kL q;]n s]t m[q;l\ @gv{ q;]n q;k\v` s}m` @v|.
  pY`Wm]k @v@LQ;@p`@l\ @k`ts\ sQ;h` v]@q;\X a`@y`\jky]n\ v]s]n\ evn[ lbn m[q;l\ ak\@vrL b#Ak; e\kk@y\ wb` gw h#k] awr, @k`ts\ v]xjn@yn\ ps[v a`@y`\jky`@g\ nm]n\ a#w] s]@yr` g]N[mt b#r krn[ l#@b|. @k`ts\ a`@y`\jn b`h]r r#p]yl\ g]N[m| h]m]yn\ v]s]n\ eh] a#w] m[ql\ vl]n\ @k`LB @k`ts\ @v@LQ;@p`@l\ l]y`pq]Av] sm`gm| v]s]n\ n]kOw\ krn[ lbn @k`ts\ shw]k pw\ m]lq} g#n}m sQh` iq]r]pw\ krn il\l[m| pwY an[mw k]r}m sQh` blylw\ @v@LQ{n\t avsr q;} a#w.
• a@n\v`s]k X}Y l`Ak]kyn\@g\ a`@y`\jn sQ;h` r#p]yl\ g]N[m(RANSI)
  a@n\v`s]k X}Y l`Ak]kyn\, enm| rFk]y`vk\ sQ;h` @h`\ v&`p`ryk\ a`rm|x k]r}mt @h`\ v^w\w]yk @yq;}m sQ;h` v]@q;\Xgw v} q;]gtm p]trt v`sy krn[ lbn X}Y l`Ak]kyn\ sh wmn\@g\ s\W]r v`sy X}Y lAk`@vn\ p]tw vn X}Y l`Ak]kyn\, a@n\v`s]k X}Y l`Ak]kyn\ sQ;h` v{ r#p]yl\ g]N[mk\ (RANSI) mg]n\ a`@y`\jny sQ;h` m[q;l\ @p\YSNy krn\@n\ nm| a@n\v`s]k X}Y l`Ak]kyn\ sQ;h` v{ s]yl{ v]@q;\X v]n]my v]E]v]E`n vl]n\ b#h#r kL @ls s#L@k\. @mm g]N[@mh] a#w] arm[q;l, @k`ts\, rj@y\ s[rFk;m|pw\, Nykr, e\kk x`rvl a#w] e\kk @mn\m idm| sh @g`dn#g]l] v#n] m{r~w vw\km| m]Lq;} g#n}m sQ;h`q; a`@y`\jny kL h#k]y. (2002/4/19 q;]n aAk 1232/14 sh 2002/8/8 q;]n aAk 1248/19 q;rn rj@y\ g#st| n]@v|q;ny an[v b#h#r k]r}m| sh s}m`k]r}m| ''rn\s]'' kYmy yt@w\ a`@y`\jnvlt bl @n`p`y].) @mm kYmy yt@w\ krn[ lbn a`@y`\jnvlt @gv}m ''rn\s]'' g]N[@m| a#w] m[q;l]n\ m]Lq;} gw\ b#Ak; aNkr mg]n\ s]q{v]y y[w;y. a`@y`\jn@yn\ l#@bn s]yl{ a`q;`ym|, @p`L}, l`x`AX sh k;l} q; a#w;l{v ''rn\s]'' g]N[mt b#r kL h#k]y. a`@y`\jn v]k]N}@mn\ sh qYvX}l k]r}@mn\ a#w]vn s]yl{ arm[q;l\ q; @mm g]N[mt b#r kL h#k]y. ''rn\s]'' g]N[@m| a#w] m[q;l\ e@wr y#v}mt v]n]my p`ln s}m` @n`m#w.

• v]XY`m v#t[p\
  s\W]rv @h`\ w`vk`l]kv e@wr vsn X}Y l`Ak]k v]XY`m]kyn\@g\ v]XY`m v#t[p\,e@wr v]s}m p]L]bQ; l]K]w s`k\S] iq;]r]pw\ k]r}@mn\ blylw\ @v@LQ{n\ mg]n\ e@wr y#v]y h#k.
  
  

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