m{l& s\W`y]w`v p]L]bQ

m{l& kYm@y\ s\W`y}w`v
m{l& pq\Ew] s\W`y}w`vy yn[@vn\ aqhs\ @k@rn\@n\ ax&n\wr h` b`h]r km|pnyn\t o@r`w\w; q}mt h#k] s[rk\S]w h` v]X\v`sq`y} m{l& pq\Ew]yk\ w]b}my. s\W`y| m{l& pq\Ew]yk\ a`@y`\jky]n\t h` w#n\pw;kr#vn\t pYXs\w pr]sryk\ n]r~m`Ny krn awr m{l& a`ywn h` m{l& @v@LQ@p`L k`r~yk\Smv h` Plq`y}v kY]y`w\mkv}m @@Er~ymw\ kry]. e\ mG]n\ a`@y`\jny pYvr~Eny q a`r~W]k vr~Eny q s]q[@v|. m{l& pq\Ew] s\W`y}w`v sQh` s[rk\S]w, Xk\w]mw\ h` mn`v{ @gv[m| p]yv[m| pq\Ew]yk\ h` k`r~yk\Sm n}w]my r`m[vk\ w;l c{ s\W`y} m{l& sh a`r~W]k pr]sryk\ avX&y. m{l& pq\Ew] s\W`y}w`vy rQ`pvw\v` g#n}m sQh` m{l& pq\Ew]yt a#w]v]y h#k] q[r~vlw`, sh eyt m[h[Np$mt v]y h#k] avq`nm| hQ[n`@gn e\ sQh` n]s] p]L]ym| @yq}m avX& @v|.

m{l& kYm@y\ v&{hy
XY} lAk`@v| m{l& kYmy X}Y lAk` mh b#Ak;v, blpwY l`x} v`N]j b#Ak;, blpwY l`x} v]@X\S]w b#Ak;, l]y`pq]Ac] m{l& sm`gm| v]@X\S]w kl\bq[ sm`gm|, pY`Wm]k @v@LQ[n\, v]XY`m sh ar~Ws`Ek arm[ql\, rk\SN sm`gm|, gY`m}y b#Ak;, vN]k\ b#Ak;, e\kk x`r sh sks[r#vm| h` Ny @qn sm{pk`r sm]w] v#n] pYE`n m{l& a`ywnvl]n\ q v]@q\X v]n]my @v@LQ@p`L, m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`L, pY`g\En @v@LQ@p`L v#n] pYE`n m{l& @v@LQ@p`Lvl]n\ sh av]E]mw\ m{l& @v@LQ@p`L sh m{l& kYmyt h` @gv}m| sh p]yv}m|vlt sm|bn\E @@nw]k r`m[v vn m{l& yt]wl phs[km| vl]n\ q smn\v]w @v|.

m{l& kYm@y\ pYE`n a`ywnvl vw\km| sh vgk}m| phw sQhn\ sAK&` sth@nh] q#k\@v|.

X}Y lAk`@v| b#Ak; aAXy blpwYl`x} v`N]j b#Ak; h` blpwYl`x} v]@X\S]w b#Ak; vl]n\ smn\v]w vn awr em a`ywn m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ anx]bvn}y s\W`nyk\ us[ly]. 2006 s#p\w#m|br~ m`s@y\ avs`nyt sms\w m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ vw\km|vl]n\ 57% kt @mm a`ywn q`yk v]y. sms\w a`r~W]kytm q{vX}lw`v s#py]y h#k] b#v]n\ b#Ak;, m{l& pq\Ew]y w;L pYE`n k`r~x`ryk\ it[ kry]. e@mn\m b#Ak; @gv}m| @s\v` s#py}@m| vgk}mq us[ln awr emG]n\ s]yUm e\kkyn\t wm m{l& gn[@qn[ it[kr g#n|m sQh` avX& phs[km| spyy].

sms\w m{l& kYmym q[r~vlw`vyt x`jny kl h#k] avq`nm| n]r~m`ny k]r}mtq b#AkOvlt h#k]y. yet ek\ @h\wOvk\ vn\@n\ b#AkOvl vw\km| h` vgk}m|vl pr]Nw k`l awr asmwOl]ww`vyn\y. m{l& kYm@y\ v]X\vsn}yw\vy pvw\v` g#n}mt @h\w;vn b#v]n\ q ym| akr~mn&v}mk\ s]q[v[v @h`w\ ey a@nkOw\ m{l& h` m{l& e\kkvl s]yl[ kty[w; @k@rh] blp$mk\ a#w]v]y h#k] b#v]n\ q b#Ak; a`ywnvl m{l& s\\W`vrw\vy iw` v#qgw\ @v|. vw\km| pqnm aw]n\ h` spyn[ lbn\\n` v{ @s\v`vn\h] v]X`lw\vy an[v gw\kl b#Ak; aAX@y\ vd`w\ v#qgw\ s\W`nyk\ gn\n` ekm aAXy nm| blpw l`x} v`N]j b#Ak; aAXyy]. 2006 s#p\w#m|br~ avs`nyt blpwYl`x} v`N]j b#Ak; m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ k#p} @p@nn s\W`nyk\ gw\ awr e\v` sms\w m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ vw\km|vl]n\ s]yyt 48 k\ q sms\w b#Ak vw\km|vl]n\ s]yyt 84 q q`yk v]y. e@hy]n\ m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ s[rk\S]wx`vy pYE`n vX@yn\m rQ`pvw]n[@y\ m{l& a`ywnyn\ h} m{l& Xk\w]mw\ x`vy mw vn awr ey]n[w\ v]@X\S@yn\m blpwYl`x} v`N]j b#Ak;vl m{l& Xk\w]mw\ x`vy mwy.

2006 s#p\w#m|br~ avs`nyt , b#Ak; aAXy blpwYl`x} v`N]]j b#Ak; 23 k]n\ q blpwYl`x} v]@X\S b#Ak; 14 k]n\ q smn\v]w v]y. rtwOl blpwYl`x] b#Ak; v]X`l sAK&`vk\ w]b[Nq m{l& kYm@y\ s\W`vrw\vy m{l]kvm rQ`pvw]n[@y\ pYE`n v]X`l r`j& b#Ak; 2 n\ h` @p_q\gl]k @q\X}y v`N]j b#Ak; 4 n\ smn\v]w vn v]X`l blpwYl`x} b#AkO 6k kY]y`k`r]w\vy mwy. pq\Ew]my vX@yn\ v#qgw\ b#Ak; (SIBs) @ls s`m`n&@yn\ hQ[n\vn[ lbn @mm b#Ak; 6 blpwYl`x} v`N]]j b#Ak; sw; vw\km|vl]n\ s]yyt 78 k\ h` sms\w b#Ak; aAX@y\ vw\km|vl]n\ s]yyt 65 k\ q n]@y`\jny kry]. pq\Ew]my vX@yn\ v#qgw\ @mm b#Ak; 6, b#Ak; aAX@y\ w#n\pw;vl]n\\ s]yyt 83 k\ q sms\w b#Ak; aAX@y\ w#n\pw;vl]n\ s]yyt 68 k\ q sw; kr@gn s]t}.

blpwYl`x} v]@X\S]w b#Ak; sms\w m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ vw\km|vl]n\ s]yyt 9 k\ q b#Ak; aAX@y\ vw\km|vl]n\ s]yyt 16 k\ q n]@y`\jny kry]. blpwYl`x} v`N]j b#Ak; aAXy h` s#sQ}@m|q} v]X`lw\vy h` m{l& pq\Ewyt a#w] krn blp$m aw]n\ gw\ blpwYl`x} v]@X\S]w b#AkO vl pq\Ew]my v#qgw\kmad[ mt|tmk pvw]n awr yet @h\wOv e\v` @gv}m| ckYy wOl awrm#q] k`r~yy @n`k]r}my].

blpwYl`x} v`N]j b#Ak; h` blpwYl`x} v]@X\S]w b#Ak; vlt aq`l s{k\Sm v]ck\SN qr~Xk phw vgO@vn\ q#k\@v|. m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ n]y`mky` @ls XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v , m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ s\W`y]w`vy wk\@s\r# k]r}@m| wm k`r~y@y\ @k`tsk\ @ls]n\ sms\w b#Ak; aAXyt aq`l s{k\Sm v]ck\SN m{l& qw\w sm|p`qny kry].

m{l& aAX@y\ v#qgw\ sArck
m{l& pq\Ew]y, pYE`n m{l& a`ywny vn XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v, @vnw\ n]y`mn aE]k`r}n\, m{l& a`ywn, @v@LQ@p`L, m{l& upkrN, @gv}m| h` p]yv}m| pq\Ew]yk\, @@nw]k r`m[vk\ h` n]y`mnyn\@gn\ smn\v]w @v|. m{l& pq\Ew]y v]s]n\ iw` v#qgw\ m{l& awrm#q]krN k`r~yy vn, aw]r]k\w e\kk @vw]n\ Nyt g#n}m h` h]G e\kkyn\t Ny q}m s]q[kry]. m{l& kYmy n]s] ay[r]n\ p`lny k]r}m h` n]y`mny k]r}m u@qs` @@nw]k r`m[vk\ h` n]y`mkyn\ avX&vn awr m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ gn[ @qn[ n]X\k`SNy sh smwyt pw\ krn y`n\wYNy @gv}m| h` p]yv}m| pq\Ew]yy].

• n]y`mn aE]k`r}n >>
• m{l& a`ywn >>
• m{l& @v@LQ@p`L >>
• m{l& upkrN >>
• @gv}m| sh p]yv}m| yt]wl phs[km| >>

XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v aE}k\SNy krn[ lbn a`ywn m{l& s\W`y}w`vy sQh` pq\Ew]my vX@yn\ v#qgw\ a`ywn @v|. @k@s\ @vww\ a#w#m| m{l& a`ywn @v|g@yn\ @vns\vn m{l& pr]sryt an[gw @n`v[n @h`w\, m{l& aAX@y\ pvw\n` wrGk`r} bv mG]n\ em a`ywn akY}y a`ywn bvt pw\@v|. ev#n] a`ywn, em a`ywn pr]h`n]yt lk\ v{ pYm`Ny pqnm| kr@gn pYw]v&{hgw k]r}m @h`\ a$vr k]r}m @h`\ krn[ lby].

s[rFk;m| sh v]n]my @k`m]Sm
1987 aAk 36 qrn XY} lAk` s[rFk;m| sh v]n]my pn@w\ v]E]v]E`n pYk`r @k`ts\ @v@LQ@p`L, @k`ts\ w#rFv|kr#vn\, @k`ts\ @v@LQ[n\ h` e\kk x`r sm`gm|vlt blpwY q}m h` n]y`mny k]r}@mh]l` s[rFk;m| sh v]n]my @k`m]Sm vgk}m qry]. e@mn\m s[rFk;m| sh v]n]my @k`m]sm pYw]rk\Sky]n\, a`n\w]k spyn\nn\, Ny @gv}@m| h#k]y` @XY\N]gw k]r}@m| a`ywn, a`@y`\jn kLmn`kr#vn\ sh s[rFk;m| n]S\k`Xn a`ywn l]y`pq]Ac] k]r}m q kry]. m{l& s\W`yw`vyt aq`l g#tU sm|bn\E}krNy k]r}m p]N]s, XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v, s[rFk;m| sh v]n]my @k`m]s@m| aE&k\S mN\dl@y\ s`m`j]k@yk; @ls kty[w; krn awr mh b#Ak;@v| m{l& pq\Ew] s\W`y}w`v x`r n]@y`\j& aE]pw] s[rFk;m| sh v]n]my @k`m]s@m|q} XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v n]@y`\jny kry].

XY} lAk` rk\SN mN\dly
XY} lAk` rk\SN mN\dly, rk\SN op\p[ h]m]yn\ @g\ ay]w]v`s]km| s[rk\S]w krn[ vs\ 2000 aAk 43 qrn rk\SN kr~m`n\w pn@wh] v]E]v]E`n pYk`r, rk\SN sm`gm|, ov[n\ @g\ n]@y`\j]wyn\ h` rk\SN w#rFv|kr#vn\ n]y`mny h` aE}k\SNy kry]. XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v XY} lAk` rk\SN mN\dl@y\ s`m`j]k@yk; vn awr m{l& pq\Ew] s\W`y}w`v x`r n]@y`\j& aE]pw] XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v n]@y`\jny kry].

m{l& a`ywn
XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ aE}k\SNy krn[ lbn a`ywn

• blpwY l`x] v`N]j b#Ak; >>
• blpwY l`x] v]@X\S]w b#Ak; >>
• l]y`pq]Ac] m{l& sm`gm >>
• l]y`pq]Ac] m{l& kl\bq[ a`ywn >>
• bly lw\ pY`Wm]k @v@LQ[n\ >>

k\S[qY m{l& a`ywn n]y`mny sQh` q#nt n}w]yk\ sksm]n\ w]@bn awr in\ k\S[qY m{l& a`ywn aE}k\SNy k]r}m sQh` XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v @y`\jn` kry].

XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ aE}k\SNy @n` krn[ lbn a`ywn
a#w#m| m{l& a`ywn XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ n]y`mny krn[ @n` l#@b|. em a`ywn awr s[rFk;m| h` v]n]my @k`m]sm sQh` v]Sy m{l]kvn @k`ts\ w#rFv|k`r/a@lv]krN sm`gm|, e\kk x`r sm`gm| sh a`@y`\jn kLmn`krN sm`gm| q XY} lAk` rk\SN mN\dly mG]n\ n]y`mny @k@rn rk\SN sm`gm| sh rk\SN w#rFv|kr#vn\\ v&vs`yk @p_q\gl]k sm`gm| , v]XY`m sh ar~Ws`Ek arm[ql\ sh k\S[q{ m{l& a`ywn q @v|.

m{l& @v@LQ@p`Lvl\
Ny sh pY`g\Eny sQh` vn m{l& @v@LQ@p`L m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`L sh pY`g\En @v@LQ@p`L yn[@vn\ @k`ts\ @qkkt @bq]y h#k]y. x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\, v`N]j pwY sh w#n\pw; shw]k v#n] @kt] k`l}n @p`l]yk\ sh]w av[r#q\qkt vd` ad[ k`lyk]n\ kl\p]@rn vw\km| sQh` vn @v@LQ@p`L m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`Ly]. m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`@L\ pYE`n k`r~yy a`r~W]k@y\ qYvX}lw` kLmn`krNyt phs[km| s#ls}my]. m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`@L\ pYE`n n]k;w\krn\@n`\ rjy, b#Ak; sh @p_q\gl]k sm`gm| vn awr pYE`n a`@y`\jk@y`\ b#Ak;, rk\SN sm`gm| sh v]XY`m h` ar~Ws`Ek arm[ql\ @v|. x`N\d`g`r b#Q[m|kr, @p_q\gl]k Ny s[rFk;m| (b#Q[m|kr sh Nykr) sh s`m`n& @k`ts\ v#n] kl\ p]r}mt vsrkt vd` v#d] k`lyk\ gwvn vw\km| a@lv]y sQh` vn @v@LQ@p`L pY`g\En @v@LQ@p`Ly]. pY`g\En @v@LQ@p`@L\ pYE`n prm`r~Wy q]g; k`l}n arm[ql\ rFs\k]r}my]. rjy, b#Ak; sh @p_q\gl]k sm`gm| pY`g\En @v@LQ@p`@Lh] pYE`n n]k;w\krn\@n`\ vn awr pYE`n a`@y`\jk@y`\ vn\@n\ v]XY`m sh ar~Ws`Ek arm[ql\ sh rk\SN sm`gm|y.

m{l& @v@LQ@p`L m{l& upkrNyn\t an[v q Ny @v@LQ@p`L sh @k`ts\ @v@LQ@p`L yn[@vn\ vr~g kl h#k. Ny @v@LQ@p`L, s\W`vr a`q`ym| s[rFk;m| @v@LQ@p`L yn[@vn\ q hQ[n\vn[ lbn awr, rj@y\ s[rFk;m| @v@LQ@p`L (x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ sh b#Q[m|kr) sh @p_q\gl]k Ny s[rFk;m| @v@LQ@p`L (v`N]j pwY, @p_q\gl]k b#Q[m|kr sh Nykr) eh] @k`ts\ @v|. wvq m{l& @v@LQ@p`L pY`Wm]k sh q\v]w]k @v@LQ@p`L @ls q vr~g kl h#k. pY`Wm]k @v@LQ@p`L yn[ nv @k`ts\ h` Ny s[rFk;m| n]k;w\k]r}m sQh` vn @v@LQ@p`L vn awr q\v]w}k @v@LQ@p`L yn[ pvw\n` s[rFk;m| pw\ a@lv]krn @v@LQ@p`Ly].

XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v eh] m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]y h#s]rv}m w;l]n\ m{l& @v@LQ@p`@Lh] v]v]E aAX @k@rh] v]v]E pYm`Nyn\ @gn\ blp$m| a#w] kry]. XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;@v| pYw]pw\w]my @p`l} an[p`w]ky, m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`@Lh] @k`tsk\ vn an\wr~ b#Ak; e\k\SN m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`L sh s\W`vr a`q`ym| s[rFk;m| @v@LQ@p`@Lh] @k`tsk\ vn rj@y\ s[rFk;m| @v@LQ@p`L @k@rh] q q#d] blp$mk\ a#w] kry]. XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v, m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`L h` iw` k]t|t[@vn\ b#Q} a#w] an\wr~ b#Ak; v]@q\X v]n]my @v@LQ@p`L kty[w;vlt q m#q]hw\ @v|.

m{l& upkrN
w#n\pw;
w#n\pw; yn[@vn\ h#Q]n\@vn\@n\ gn[@qn[kr#@vk; @g\ g]N[mkt b#rv}m sQh` m{l& a`ywnyk wbn\n`v{ m[ql\y. w#n\pw; vr~g w;nk]. e\v` nm|, il\l[m| w#n\pw;, iw;r#m| w#n\pw; sh s\W`vr @h`\ k`l}n w#n\pw;y. il\l[m| w#n\pw; yn[ pYE`n vX@yn\ gn[@qn[ k]r}m sQh` sh arm[ql\vl s[rk\S]ww`v @vn[@vn\ wb` a#w] m[ql\y. arm[ql\ il\l{ v]gs lb`gw h#k]y. @p`l]yk\ @n` upyy]. nm[w\ b#Ak; a`ywn il\l[m| w#n\pw; h]m]yn\t @ck\pw\ phs[km|, s\W`vr n]@y`\g, s\vyAkY}y @tlr~ k`d| pw\, m[ql\ g#n}m h` @gv}m sQh` Ny k`d| pw\ v#n] @s\v`vn\ spyy]. iw;r#m| w#n\pw; q]npw`, sw]pw`, m`s\pw` @h`\ v`r~S]k pqnm mw gNny krn[ lbn @p`l]yk\ upyy]. o|n$m avs\W`vk m[ql\ a`ps[ lb`gw h#k]y. @k@s\ @vww\ m`sykt 4 vw`vkt vd` m[ql\ a`ps[ lb` g#n}m kr w]@b| nm| em m`sy sQh` @p`l]yk\ @gvn[ @n`l#@b|. m{l& a`ywn iw;r#m| w#n\pw; h]m]yn\t p`s\@p`w\ @h`\ sv]s\wr`w\mk gn[@qn[ pYk`Xyn\ n]k;w\ krn awr s\vyAk^w @tlr~ yn\wY phs[km| h` Ny k`d| pw\ v#n] phs[km| q w#n\pw\kr#vn\t spyy]. s~W`vr @h`\ k`l}n w#n\pw; yn[ ym| n]X\c]w k`l pr]c|@C\qyk\ sQh` m{l& a`ywnyk wbn arm[ql\ y. s\W`vr/ k`l}n w#n\pw; , iw;r#m| w#n\pw;vlt vd` ihL @p`l]yk\ upyy]. s\W`vr/ k`l}n w#n\pw; @kt] k`l}n, m#q] k`l}n @h`\ q]g; k`l}n v]y h#k. kl\ p]r}mt @pr m[ql\ lb` g#n}mt h#k]y`vk\ a#ww\ kl]n\ q#n[m| q}mk\ e\ sQh` avX&vn awr e\\ @vn[@vn\ qdyk\ q p#nv}mt id a#w. s\W`vr/ k`l}n w#n\pw;kr#@vk;t s]y w#n\pw;v a#pyt wb` m{l& a`ywn@yn\ Ny m[qlk\ g#n}@m| phs[km a#w.

Ny
Nyk\ yn[@vn\ h#Q]n\@vn\@n\ Ny @qn\@nk; , (s`m`n&@yn\ m{l& a`ywnyk\) @k`ts\ vX@yn\ @h`\ m[l[mn]n\m n]ym]w q]nt/ q]nvlq}, g]v]sgw\ @p`l} an[p`wyt ytw\v a`ps[ @gv` q#m]y y[w;y yn @k`n\@q\s]y mw Ny l`x]@yk;t @qn m[ql\ y. @b`@h`\ avs\W`vl m{l& a`ywnvl]n\ Ny lb`g#n}@m|q} ym| a`kryk s[rFk;m| lb`q}mt avX& @v|.

x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ sh x`N\d`g`r b#Q[m|kr
x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ yn[ vsrk k`l s}m`vk\ qk\v` kl\p]r}mk\ a#w] rj@y\ s[rFk;m|y. @q\X}y x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ a`Z` pnwt an[v XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;@v| r`j& Ny @qp`r~w@m|n\w;v, XY} lAk` rjy @vn[@vn\ x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ n]k;w\ kry]. x`N\d`gr b]l\pw\ q]n 91, 182 h` 364 k kl\p]r}m| sh]wv n]k;w\krn[ l#@b|. x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ X;n& kOpn\ s[rFk;m| vn awr kl\ p]r}@mn\ ps[ @gvn[ lbn m[h[Nw vt]n`km]n\ vt|tmk\ sh]wv v]k;Ny]. ay]w]kr#t l#@bn @p`l} a`q`ym vn\@n\ g#n[m| m]l sh m[h[Nw sQhn\ vt]n`km awr @vnsy]. x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ q]v]w}y]k @v@LQ@p`@L\ phs[@vn\ a@lv]kl h#k] sh ik\mn]n\ m[ql\ bvt pw\kr g#n}mt h#k] n]s` qYvX}l vw\km| @ls slky]. x`N\d`g`r b#Q[m|kr m#q] k`l}n h` q]g; k`l}n r`j& s[rFk;m| vn awr vsr 2 s]t 20 qk\v` k`l pr`syn\ @gn\ kl\ p]@rn @s\ n]k;w\ kry]. XY} lAk` rjy @vn[@vn\ XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;@v| r`j& Ny @qp`r~w@m|n\w;v l]y`pq]Ac] s\kn\E h` s[rFk;m|pw\ a`Z` pn@wh] n]ymyn\ pr]q] x`N\d`g`r b#Q[m|kr n]k;w\ kry]. x`N\d`g`r b#Q[m|kr vsrkt @qvw`vk\ @gvn[ lbn @p`l]yk\ sh]w s[rFk;m| pw\ @v|. x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ h` b#Q[m|kr rjy v]s]n\ shw]k krn[ lbn awr e\v` @n` @gv` p#h#r h#r}@m| avE`nmk\ @n` m#w] n]s` a@nk;w\ s]yl[m a`@y`\jnyn\t vd` s[rk\S]w @v|. x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ h` b#Q[m|kr @vn\@q\s] mG]n\ pY`Wm]k @v@LQ[n\t a@lv]krn[ lbn awr ov[h{ e\v` n#vww\ mhjnw`vt a@lv] krw]. x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ h` b#Q[m|krvl]n\ l#@bn a`q`ym @v@LQ@p`L mG]n\ n]X\cy krn awr @v@LQ@p`L, qYvX}l sh sk}Yy @v|. 2004 s]t x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ h` b#Q[m|kr n]k;w\ k]r}m n]r~@l\K]wv s]q[krn[ lbn awr gn[@qn[ v`r~w` w#b}m XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;@v| lAk` @sk&[ pq\Ew]y v]s]n\ v]q&[w\ a`k`r@yn\ s]q[kry].

pYw] m]lq} g#n[m| g]v]s[m|
n]ymkrgw\ iq]r] q]nykq} s\W`vr m]lkt em s[rFk;m| @h`\ sm`n s[rFk;m| pYm`Nyk\ m]lq} g#n}@m| vgk}mk\ sh]wv v]@X\S m]lkt, m[qlt, s[rFk;mk\ a@lv]k]r}m pYw] m]lq} g#n}m| g]v]s[mk\ @ls h#Q]n\@v|. a@lv] m]l h` pYw] m]lq} g#n}@m| m]l awr @vns @p`l} a`q`ymy]. @mm g]v]s[m aq`l s[rFk;m| m]lq} gn\n` g#n[m|kr#@g\ p`r~Xv@yn\ bln kl pYw] v]k;N[m| g]v]s[m yn[@vn\ hQ[n\vn[ l#@b|. pYw] m]lq} g#n}@m| g]v]s[m|, s[rFk;m| a#pyt wb` gn\n` Nykt sm`ny. @b`@h`myk\ pYw] m]lq} g#n}@m| g]v]s[m| iw` @kt] k`l}n m[ql\ @v@LQ@p`L upkrNyn\y.

v`N]j pwY
v`N]j pwY yn[ @p_q\gl]k aAX@y\ sm`gm|, b#Ak; h` a@nk;w\ m{l& m#q]hw\kr#vn\ v]s]n\ n]k;w\krn @kt] k`l}n, a#p b#Q[m|kr rh]w Ny s[rFk;m| pw\ @v|. v`N]j pwY s`m`n&@yn\ n]k;w\krn[ lbn\@n\ Ny a`ps[ @gv}@m| h#k]y`v a#w] (ihL @XY\N]gwk]r]mk\ sh]w ) a`ywn v]s]n\ iw` v]X`l vt]n`km|vl]n\ y[k\wv vn awr e\v` a`ps[ @gv}m p]L]bQv amwr b#Ak; a#pkr sh]w @v|. @m|v` s`m`n&@yn\ vt|tmk\ sh]wv a@lv]krn awr smhrk\ @p`l} sh]w @v|.

sAs\W`p]w b#Q[m|kr h` Nykr
sAs\W`p]w b#Q[m|kr yn[@vn\ h#Q]n\@vn\@n\ pr]Nwv}@m|q} @p`l]y smG m[l\ m[ql @gv}mt b#Q} a#w], @p_q\gl]k aAX@y\ sm`gm|vl q]g; k`l}n h` m#q] k`l}n s[rFk;m| pw\ @v|. Nykr yn[@vn\ h#Q]n\@vn\@n\ v]@X\S]w vw\kmk]n\ a`vrNy @n`v{ sAs\W`p]w b#Q[m|kr@v|.

Nykr @p_q\gl]k aAX@y\ sm`gm|, b#Ak; h` @vnw\ m{l& a`ywn v]s]n\ n]k;w\krn lq n]k;w\ krn\n` @g\ s`m`n& N@yn\ pmNk\ a`vrNyv} a#w] @p`l} sh]w q]g;k`l}n h` m#q] k`l}n s[rk\S]w @n`v{ b#Q[m|kr @v|. Nykryn\ s`m`n&@yn\ n]k;w\krn[ lbn\@n\ v]X`l, @h`Q]n\ sAs\W`p]w v{ a`ywn v]s]n\y. Nykr qrn\nn\ Ny h]m]yn\ @ls slkn awr n]k;w\ kl sm`gm a$vrv}mkq} ay]w]kr#vnt @pr @gv}m| l#b}mt q vrpYs`q a#w.

vw\km| an[bl#w] s[rFk;m|
vw\km| an[bl#w] s[rFk;m| yn[ uks\kr Ny h` a@nk;w\ l#b}m| vl]n\ a`vrNy krn lq (s[rk\S]w krn lq) b#Q[m|kr @v|. n]k;w\krn a`ywn v]s]n\ uks\kr, Ny , v`r]k Ny, Nyvr pw\ h` a@nk;w\ l#b}m| ym| x`rykt @h`\\ v]@X\S prmr~W a`ywnykt a@lv]krn awr in\ps[ x`ry/ v]@X\S prmr~W a`ywny v]s]n\ mh jnw`vt vw\km| an[bl#w] b#Q{m|kr a@lv] kry]. vw\km| an[bl#w] b#Q[m|kr @p`l} sh]w upkrN vn awr e\v` rk\SN @h`\ a#p shw]k x`v]w@yn\ ihL agykt nAvn[ l#@b|.

m{l& kl\bq[
m{l& kl\bq[ nm| pY`g\Eny @h`\ k]s]ym| k`lyk\ pvw]n upkrN m]lq} g#n}m sQh` spyn\n`v{ Nyk]. eh] n}w&`N[kOl ay]w]kr# ( bq[ h]m]y` ),bq[ g#n[m|kr#t upkrNy Nyt @qn awr bq[ g#n[m|kr# aq`l m[l[ m[qlm @p`l} v]yqmw\ sh]wv a`ps[ @gv]y y[w;@v|. bq[ g#n[m|kr# vw\km x`v]w` k]r}@mn\ a#w]vn s]yl[ l`x pY@y`\jn @mn\m ay]w]y sm|bn\E al`x h` avE`nm| enm| ndw\w;v, rk\SNy h` bq[ a`q]y q qr`gw y[w;y. Ny h` @p`l]y sm|p{r~N@yn\m @gv` n]mv{ ps[ upkrN@y\ n}w&`n[kOl ay]w]y bq[ g#n[m|kr#t h[vm`r# @v|.

@k`ts\
sm`gmk ipy}m| h` vw\km| sQh` ay]w]v`s]km| plkl h#k], sm`gmk ym| p[q\gl@yk;t ay]w] pYm`Ny n]@y`\jny krn s[rFk;m| @k`ts\ @ls h#Q]n\@v|. @k`ts\kr#vn\ ht sm`gm s\vk}y l`x@yn\ s]yyt pYm`Nyk\ l`x`AX vX@yn\ @gvn[ l#@b|.

m{l& v&[w\pn\n
m{l& v&[w\pn\nyn\ yn[ wvw\ v]@X\S m{l& upkrNykt, qr~Xkykt @h`\ x`N\dykt sm|bn\Ev a#w] m{l& upkrNyk]. m{l& v&[w\pn\nyk\ hrh` v]@X\S m{l& avE`nm| (@p`l} an[p`w avE`nm, v]@q\X v]n]my avE`nm, s`m`n& @k`ts\ h` x`N\d m]l avE`nm), e\v`@y\ ay]w}n\ w;l]n\m m{l& @v@LQ@p`@L\ a@lv] kl h#k]y. m{l& v&[w\pn\nykt vt]n`km l#@bn[@y\ qr~Xyk\ @h`\ vw\kmk\ v#n] yet p`qk v{ ay]wmyk m]@ln\y. m{l& v&[w\pn\n, avE`nm| kLmn`krNy h` @v@LQ gn[@qn[vlq} a#w]vn p`d[vl]n\ a`rk\S` v}mt, m{l& upkrN sQh` h` @v@LQ@p`L h` sm@p\RNy awr v&`p`r gn[@qn[ smwykt pw\k]r}m sQh` q @y`q`gw h#k]y. iq]r] upkrN h` iq]r] @k`n\wY`w\ yn[@vn\ m{l& v&[w\pn\n yn\ @g\ @k`ts\ @qkk]. vd`w\ @p`q[ @prt[v yn upkrNyn\ nm| iq]r] @k`n\wY`w\ sh iq]r] an[p`w g]v]s[m| h` @p`l} an[p`w h[vm`r#v}m| @v|.

@gv}m| sh p]yv}m| apr]v&{hy
O@gv}m| sh s[rFk;m| h[vm`r#vl k`r~yRmw`v h` s[rR]ww`v whv[r# k]r}m m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ k`r~yyn\ aw;r]n\ iw` v#qgw\ k`r~yyk\ @v|. m{l& pq\Ew]@y\ yt]wl phs[km| yn[@vn\ aqhs\ vn\@n\ v]X`l sh k;d` vt]n`km| sh]w @gv}m| sm|p{r~Nk]r}m sQh` phs[km| slsn v]v]E pq\Ew}n\ @v|. @gv}m| p]yv}m| pq\Ew}n\, m{l& a`ywnvl g]N[m|vl a#w] m[ql\, p[q\gly]n\ h` a`ywn awr a#w] m{l& vgk}m| smwyt pw\k]r}m sQh` h[vm`r# k]r}mt upk`r} @v|.