| < a`ps[ |
udt |
a`r~W]k h` m]l s\W`y}w`v
a`r~W]k h` m]l s\W`y}w`v yn[ rtk rQv` gw h#k] sAvr~Enyk\ LG` kr g#n}mt ivhl\ vn s`m`n& m]l mt|t@m| p[Ul\ uc|c`vcnyn\ @gn\ @w`r ww\w\vyk]. a`r~W]kyk m]l gNn\ phL an[p`wyk]n\ uc|c`vcny vn v]@tk eh] a`r~W]k w}rN g#n}mt shx`g}vn\nn\ enm| k;t[m|b h` v&`p`r]k a`ywn gn\n` a`r~W]k w}rN @k@rh] s#lk]y y[w; blp$mk\ a#w] @n`kry]. emn]s` a`r~W]kyk k;mn n]S\p`qnyk\ @k@s\ n]pqv]y y[w;q yn`q} a`r~W]k w}rN g#n}m|vlq} s\W`y} m]l gNn\ v]k^w]w`vk\ a#w] @n`krn b#v]n\ a`r~W]k s\W`y}w`vyt mG p$@qn @s\ sm|pw\ k`r~yk\Smv @yqv]y h#k]@v|.
m]l s\W`y}w`vy – pwY]k` m`l`v aAk 1 >>
m{l& sms\wyn\
m]l s\W`y}w`v @k@rh] blp`n m{l]km s`Eky m[ql\ s#py[@m| a#w]vn @vns\v}m|y. s`m`n&@yn\ XY} lAk`@v| m{l& sAvr~Eny v]X\@l\SNy k]r}@m|q} m{l& sms\wyn\ 03 k\ n]r~vcny kr a#w. pLm[vn m{l& sms\wy XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ n]k;w\ krn lq v&vh`r m[ql\ sh v`N]j b#Ak; v]s]n\ X}Y lAk` mh b#Ak;@v| pvw\v` @gn yn[ lbn w#n\pw; a#w;lw\ sAc]w m[ql\ y.@mm sAc]w m[ql\ pqnm| krgn]m]n\ v`N]j b#Ak;vlt w#n\pw; n]r~m`Ny k]r}mt h#k]y`v a#w] b#v]n\ sh e\v` m[ql\ s#py[@m| p[Ul\ ar~W q#k\v}@m| sArck vn b#v]n\ @m|v` pqnm| m[ql\ @ls @h`\ aE] bl#w] m[ql\ yn[@vn\ q hQ[n\vy]. @qv#n] m{l& sms\wy mhjnw`v @vw#w] v&vh`r m[ql\ sh mhjnw`v sw; v`N]j b#Ak; @vw a#w] il\l[m| w#n\pw; a#w;lw\ pt[ m[ql\ @ls n]r~vcny kry]. @wv#n\n mhjnw`v @vw#w] v&vh`r m[ql\ sh mhjnw`v sw; v`N]j b#Ak; @vw#w] s]yl[m w#n\pw; vr~g a#w;lw\ p[Ul\ m[ql\ @ls n]r~vcny kry]. @m| p]L]bQv @kr} a#w] aE&ynyn\ @pn\v` @qn pr]q] m[ql\ s#py[m h` s`m`n& m]l mt|tm awr a#w] sm|bn\Ew`v v]X\@l\SNy k]r}@m|q} vd`w\ @y`\g& m{l& sArcky vn[@y\ p[Ul\ m[ql\ s#py[my].
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] r`m[v
vr~wm`n@y\ XY} lAk`@v| m[ql\ kLmn`krNy m[ql\ ilk\k gw r`m[vk\ mw pqnm|v a#w. @mm r`m[v w;l sAc]w m[ql\ vlt sAg;Nkyk\ mG]n\ sm|bn\Ev} a#w] p[Ul\ m[ql\ s#py[mt blp$m| k]r}m mG]n\ avsn\ ilk\ky v{ m]l s\W`y}w`vy LG` krgw y[w; @v|. m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]@y\ @m@hy[m| ilk\ky sAc]w m[ql\y. m[ql\ ilk\kgw r`m[v m[ql\ v#dsthn\ mG]n\ kY]y`w\mk krn[ lby].
a@p\k\S]w r`j& m{l& h` @gv[m| w;ln sAvr~Enyn\, a`r~W]k vr~Eny, a@p\k\S\w Ny sh uq\Emn vr~En mt|tm| v#n] a`r~W]k s`Ek s#lk]l\lt gn]m]n\ XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v m[ql\ v#dsthn\ sksn[ lby]. @mm s`Ek mw pqnm| @vm]n\ m[ql\ v#dsthn\, m[ql\ vr~Eny sQh` a@p\k\S]w m`r~gy q m[ql\ vr~Eny LG`kr g#n}mt avX& k`r~w;my sAc]w m[ql\ ilk\k gw m`r~gy q n]X\cy kry]. ik\b]w] mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ @mm sAc]w m[ql\ ilk\ky sp[r`g#n}m sQh` s]y pYw]pw\w] @p`l} an[p`w]kvn pYw] m]lq} g#n[m| h` pYw] v]k;n[m| an[p`w]ky vl]n\ s#ks[n[ @p`l} an[p`w]k @k`r]@d`v w;L v]vt @v@LQ@p`L kty[w; @m@hyvy]. pYw]pw\w] @p`l} an[p`w]k v]E]mw\v kl]n\ kl v]mr~Xny kr avX& nm| sAc]w m[ql\ ilk\kgw m`r~gyt g#n}m sQh` s[q[s[ pr]q] glpn[ lby].
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] v#dsthn\ 2007 >>
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] upkrN h` e\v` kY]y`w\mk k]r}m
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]y kY]y`w\mk k]r}@mh] l` p[Ul\ pr`syk]n\ y[w\ upkrN mh b#Ak;v sw;v pvw}. vr~wm`n@y\ pYE`n vX@yn\ x`v]wyt gn[ lbn upkrN vn\@n\, (a) pYw]pw\w] @p`l} an[p`w]k h` v]vt @v@LQ@p`L kty[w; sh (a`) v`N]j b#Ak; w#n\pw; vgk}m| mw vn v&vs\W`p]w sAc]w avX&w`y].
(a)pYw]pw\w] @p`l} an[p`w]k sh v]vt @v@LQ@p`L kty[w;
-
vr~wm`n@y\ XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v skY}y v]vt @v@LQ@p`L kty[w; yt@w\ s]y m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]y @m@hy vn[ lby]. em kYm@y\ pYE`n aAg vn[@y\, (a) b#Ak;@vh] pYE`n pYw]pw\w] @p`l} an[p`w]k, enm| pYw] m]lq} g#n[m| an[p`w]kyy h` pYw] v]k;N[m| an[p`w]ky mG]n\ s#ks[n[ @p`l} an[p`w]k @k`r]@d`\v, (a`) qYvX}lw`v av@X`\SNy kr g#n}m sQh` @h`\ v#d]k]r}m sQh` @@qn]k @vn\@q\s], (a#) @k`r]@d`\@v| q} ihL phL yn @p`l} an[p`w]kvlq} n]w& phs[km| (a$) s\W]r pqnmk\ mw v{ gn[@qn[.
|
|
-
@v@LQ@p`@L\ aw]r]k\w qYvX}lw`vyk\ a#w]nm|, em aw]r]k\w m[ql\ av@X`\SNy kr g#n}m sQh` mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ pYw]m]lq} g#n}m| @vn\@q\s]yk\ pvw\vn[ l#@b|. e@mn\m @v@LQ@p`@L\ qYvX}lw` ad[nm| @v@LQ@p`Lt m[ql\ m[q` h#r}m sQh` mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ pYw] v]k;n[m| @vn\@q\s] pvw\vn[ l#@b|. e@s\ k]r}m w;l]n\ s\W`vr @p`l} an[p`wyk\ enm| sAc]w m[ql\ ilk\k h` smp`w vn pYXs\w mt|tmk s\W`vr @p`l| an[p`wy pvw\v` gn}. @mm @vn\@q\s] bh[ lAs[ h` bh[ m]l kYmyk\ mw pvw\vy]. @vn\@q\s]yt shx`g}vn\nn\t ek]@nk @vn\@q\s]@y\q} lAs[ w;n b#g]n\ w#b]y h#k] awr s`r~Wk lAs[ wbn\nn\t aq`l lAs[@v| sQhn\ v{ an[p`wyn\t an[v ov[n@g\ il\l}m l#@bn[ a#w.
|
-
@@qn]k @vn\@q\s]@y\ q} s]y qYvX}l avX&w` sp[r`gw @n` h#k] v{ a`ywn sQh` n]w& phs[km| spy` @qn[ l@b|. q]npw` @vn\@q\s]yt ps[vw\ ym| shx`g} vn\@nk;t aw]r]k\w m[qlk\ a#w\nm| n]w& phs[km| yt@w\ oh[t pYw] m]lq} g#n}m| gn[@qn[vkt a#w;lw\ v]y h#k]y. e@mn\m shx`g} vn\@nk;t h]Gyk\ p]yv` g#n}mt qYcX}lw` avX&vn\@n\ nm|, oh[t n]w& phs[km| yt@w\ pYw] v]k;n[m| w;l]n\ m[ql\ Nyt lb` gw h#k]y. e\ an[v @mm phs[km| @p`l} an[p`wvl p[Ul\ uc|c`vcn v#L#k\v}mt upk`r}@v|.
|
-
q]g; k`l}n qYvX]lw` g#tU n]r`krNy sQh` mh b#Ak;@v| ax]mwy pr]q] s\W]r pqnmk\ mw v{ gn[@qn[ @m@hyvy]. s`@p\k\S vX@yn\ v]X`l qYX}lw` aw]r]k\wyk\ a#w\nm| sh ey q]g;k`l}nv pvw]n s\vx`vyk\ @pn\n[m| krn\@n\ nm|, mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ qrn[ lbn x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ s\W]r pqnmk\ mw v]k]n}m mG]n\ @mm aw]r]k\w qYvX}lw`v av@X`\SNy k]r}mt kty[w; krn awr, pYm`Nvw\ wrm| x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ pYm`Nyk\ @n`m#w] nm| mh b#Ak;v @m| sQh` wmn\@g\m s[rFk;m|pw\ n]k;w\ kry]. e@mn\m q]g; k`l}n qYvX}lw` h]Gyk\ pvw]n\@n\ nm| q\v}w]y]k @v@LQ@p`@Lh] x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ h` b#Q[m|kr v]k]N}m mG]\n\ sh pY`Wm]k @v@LQ@p`@Lh] x`N\d`g`r b]l\pw\ m]lq} g#n}m w;l]n\ qYvX}lw` h]Gy ivw\ kry].
|
-
b#Ak; an[p`w]ky yn[@vn\ wvw\ pYw]pw\w] @p`l} an[p`w]kyk\ a#w. ey mh b#Ak;v avs`n Ny @qn\n` vX@yn\ v`N]j b#Ak;vlt Ny lb` @qn an[p`w]kyy]. @mm Ny , rj@y\ s[rFk;m| pw\ a#pkr vX@yn\ wb`@gn n]k;w\ krn[ lby]. s`m`n&@yn\ b#Ak; an[p`w]ky qN\dn an[p`w]kyk\ vn awr ey @v@LQ@p`L @vnw\ an[p`w]kyn\t vd` ihLy. emn]s` b#Ak; an[p`w]kyt vd` ad[ agyk\ gn\n` pYw] v]k;N[m| an[p`w]ky yt@w\ v`N]j b#Ak;vlt mh b#Ak;@vn\ Ny lb` gw h#k] n]s` vr~wm`n@y\ b#Ak; an[p`w]ky h[@qk\ x`v]wyt gn[ @n` lbn an[p`w]kyk\ v} a#w.
|
(a`) v&vs\W`p]w sAc]w avX&w` (SRR)
-
v&vs\W`p]w sAc]w an[p`wy , enm| v`N]j b#Ak; v]s]n\ wm w#n\pw; vgk}m|vl]n\, XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;@vh] m[ql\ w#n\pw;vk\ @ls pvw\v`@gn y` y[w; pYm`Ny aw}w@y\q} m[ql\ s#py[m @k@rh] blp$m| k]r}mt iw` p[Ul\ @ls @y`q` gn\n` lq]. @k@s\ @vww\ v]vt @v@LQ@pl pYW]pw\w] @k@rh] @y`m[v}m v#d]v}mw\ smG v&vs\W`p]w sAc]w avX&w` @k@rh] @y`m[v}m kYm`n[kOlv ad[v} a#w] awr emn]s` v&vs\W`p]w sAc]w avX&w` v`N]j b#Ak; mw a#w]krn an]v`r~y p]r]v#y q ad[kry].
|
-
m[ql\ n}w] pnw an[v, v`N]j b#Ak; v]s]n\ XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ n]X\cy krn[ lbn pYm`Nyk sAc]wyk\ mh b#Ak;@vh] pvw\v`@gn y` y[w;y]. vr~wm`n@y\ v`N]j b#Ak;vl X}Y lAk` r#p]yl\vl]n\ vn il\l[m|, k`l}n h` iw;r#m| w#n\pw; v&vs\W`p]w sAc]w avX&w`vlt ytw\vn awr , s]yl[m w#n\pw; vgk}m|vlt aq`l an[p`w]ky s]yyt 10 k].
|
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] km]t[v (MPC)
m[ql\ n}w] pn@w\ sQhn\vn @ls mh b#Ak;@v| pYE`n k`r~yy vn\@n\ r@t| m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]y n]r~Ny k]r}mw\ pvw\v`@gny`mw\y. vsr gNn`vk\ m[Ul\@l\ a`r~W]ky sh v]@X\S@yn\m m{l& aAXy vd`w\ v]ck\SNX}l} sh sAvr~Eny v} a#w. eh] pYw]Plyk\ @ls m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]y n]X\cy k]r}@mh]l` sh kY]y`w\mk k]r}@mh]l` b#Ak;@vh] k`r~yx`ry q vd`w\ sAk}r~N v} a#w. emn]s` nv ax]@y`\gyn\t m[h[Nq}@m|q} , w}rN g#n}@m| kY]y`vl]@y\ v]n]vqx`vy v#d]q]y[N[ krn[ vs\ ek\ p]yvrk\ @ls m[ql\ pYw]pw\wy p]L]bQ aE&yny @k`t n]r~@q\X m[ql\ mN\dl@y\ slk`b#l}m sQh` iq]r]pw\ k]r}mt, 2001 vs@r~ m[l v]E]mw\ m{l& pYw]pw\w] km]t[vk\ p]h]t[vn lq].
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] km]t[@v| (MPC) sx`pw]\w\vy m]l s\W`y}w`v x`r n]@y`\j& aE]pw] v]s]n\ qrn[ lbn awr @ss[ s`m`j]ky]n\ phw sQhn\ pr]q] @v|
| sx`pw] |
| |
m]l s\W`y}w`v x`r n]@y`\j& aE]pw] |
| s`m`j]ky]n\ |
| 1 ) |
m{l& s\W`y}w`v p]L]bQ vgk}m qrn n]@y`\j& aE]pw] |
| 2 ) |
m]l s\W`y}w`v p]L]bQ vgk}m qrn shk`r aE]pw] |
| 3 ) |
m{l& s\W`y}w`v p]L]bQ vgk}m qrn shk`r aE]pw |
| 4 ) |
aE&k\S a`r~W]k pr~@y\SN |
| 5 ) |
m[ql\ sh b#Ak; kty[w; p]L]bQ vgk}m qrn aw]@r~k aE&k\S a`r~W]k pr~@y\SN (v]kl\p , m[[ql\ sh b#Ak; kty[w; p]L]bQ vgk}m qrn n]@y`\j& aE&k\S a`r~W]k pr~@y\SN) |
| 6 ) |
aE&k\S, j`w&n\wr kty[w; (v]kl\p , n]@y`\j& aE&k\S j`w&n\wr kty[w;) |
| 7 ) |
aE&k\S, @q\X}y @m@hy[m| kty[w; (v]kl\p , n]@y`\j& aE&k\S @q\X}y @m@hy[m| kty[w; ) |
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] km]t[@v| @l\km
m[[ql\ sh b#Ak; kty[w; p]L]bQ vgk}m qrn n]@y`\j& aE&k\S a`r~W]k pr~@y\SN (v]kl\p , aAX pYE`n}, m[[ql\ sh b#Ak; kty[w;)
nv m{l& sh s`r~v a`r~W]k sAvr~Enyn\ p]L]bQ p[@r`\kwny k]r}m h` a#gy}mw\ m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]y sQh` s[q[s[ an`gw @m@hy[m| n]r~N`yk aE]pw] h` m[ql\ mN\dl@y\ s#lk]l\lt @y`m[k]r}m sQh` n]r~@q\X n]k;w\ k]r}mw\ m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] km]t[@v| m{l]km k`r~yy @v|.
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] km]t[v v]E]mw\ k`l prwryk]n\ y[w;v, avm vX@yn\ m`sykt vrk\vw\ rFs\v]y y[w;@v|. @mm rFs\v}m|vlq} s`m`j]kyn\ a`r~W]k pr~@y\SN @qp`r~w@m|n\w;v sh m[ql\ v]@q\X v]n]my @v@LQ@p`L sh m]l sAvr~Enyn\ p]L]bQ @vnw\ @qp`r~w@m|n\w; v]s]n\ m{l& aAXy, v]@q\X aAXy h` m{r~w aAX@y\ sAvr~Enyn\ p]L]bQ aE]pw] sh m[ql\ mN\dly @vw n]r~@q\X iq]r]pw\ k]r}mt m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] km]t[vt iq]r]pw\ krn[ lbn v`r~w` sm`@l`\cnykr bly].
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] up@q\Xk km]t[v pw\ k]r}m
2007 jnv`r] 2 vnq` pYk`Xyt pw\ krn lq "2007 sh in\ iq]r]yt Am[ql\ sh m{l& aAX@y\ pYw]pw\w] @pr q$k\m" t an[v X}Y lAk` mh b#Ak;v v]s]n\ m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] up@q\Xk km]t[vk\ pw\ krn lq]. @mm km]t[v s]yl[m aAX n]@y`\jny krn p`r~X\vkr#vn\@gn\ h` aE&ynkr#vn\@gn\ smn\v]w vn b#v]n\, m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] w}rN g#n}@m| kY}y`vl]n\h] q} X}Y lAk` mh b#Ak;vt ov[n\@g\ pYv}Nw\vy h` aw\q$k}m| w;L]n\ v`s] l#b]y h#k] @v|.
| km]t[@v| k`r~yx`ry phw pr]q] @v|] |
- ps[g]y m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] v]vrNy k]r}m
- a`r~W}k sAvr~Enyn\ p]L]bQv m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] km]t[vt ps[ @p`\SNyk\ s#py}m
- m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] w}rN g#n}@m| q} a`r~[ky h` sm|bn\E]w p`r~X\vyn\@g\ q$k\m sh aqhs\ p]L]bQ v#th}mk\ lb`q}m
|
@w`rw;r# @bq`h#r}m
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]@y\ @vns\v}m| sh em @vns\v}m| @k@rh] blp$ @h\w;k`rk p]L]bQ p[vw\pw\ n]@v|qn , mh b#Ak;@v| @j\S\t n]lE`r}n\ v]s]n\ iq]r]pw\ krn[ lbn pYk`Xn sh XY} lAk` mh b#Ak; @vb| adv]y mG]n\ s]yl[m @v@LQ@p`L shx`g]vn\nn\ a#;wl[v mhjny` @vw q#n[m| @qn[ l#@b|. XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;@v| @vb| aadv]y avX& vn avs\W`vl iw` ik\mn]n\ y`vw\k`l}n krn[ l#@b|. s@lk]y y[w; @vns\v}m| s]q[vn\@n\ nm| ev#n] avs\W`vn\h} q} s`m`n&@yn\ mh b#Ak;@v| @j\S\t n]lE`r}n\ v]]sn\ m`E& s`kc|C` pvw\vn[ lby]. It amwrv m`E& a`ywn n]rw;r#vm b#Ak;@v| @j\S\t n]lE`r}n\ smG sm|m[K s`kc|C` pvw\vy].
mhjnw`v @vw @w`rw;r# @bq` h#r}m sm|bn\E@yn\ vgk}m qrn XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;@v| sn\n]@v|qn @qp`r~w@m|n\w;v v]s]n\ p[vw\pw n]@v|qn h` m`E& rFs\v}m| @m@hyvn[ lby]. m`s]k v]vrN]k`, n]v|s\ sr~@v|, p[vw\pw\ n]@v|qn, v`r~S]k v`r~w`v h` @vnw\ pYk`Xn m`r~g@yn\ @w`rw;r# @bq`hr]n[ l#@b|.
pYw]pw\w] sm|bn\E@yn\ s#lk]y y[w; @vns\km| @y`\jn` krn[ lbn v]t, em @vns\v}m| blp`n b#Ak;kr#vn\@g\ a`ywny , pY`Wm]k a@lv]kr#vn\ @g\ a`ywny v#n] a`ywn smG up@qs\ h[vm`r#kr gn}. mh b#Ak aE]pw] sh v`N]j b#Ak; sh blpwY l`x} v]@X\S]w b#Ak;vl v]E`yk n]lE`r}n\ ek\v m[ql\ ww\w\vy h` iq]r]@y\q} g#n}mt id a#w] m{l& pYw]pw\w] p]L]bQv mskt vrk\ rFs\v} s`kc|C` krn[ lby]. pY`Wm]k a@lv]kr#vn\ smG mh b#Ak; @j\St n]lE`r}n\ @g\ rFs\v}m| sw]ykt vrk\ pvw\vy].
m`s]k m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] n]@v|qn p]L]bQ q]n qr~Xny s$m vsrkm m[l mh b#Ak; @vb| adv]@yh] pLkrn[ lbn awr m`s]k m[ql\ pYw]pw\w] @prq#k\m @mm q]nvl s]q[kry].
m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]y n]@v|qny k]r}@m| p{r~v q]n qr~Xny >>
|
