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iw]h`sy
iw]h`sy l[h[D]n\
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n]qhs]n\ ps[ rjy a`r~W]k vr~Enyt ivhl\ vn h` upk`r} vn k`r~yk\Sm m{l& pYw]pw\w]yk sh gw]k m{l& aAXyk v#qgw\km hQ[n` g#n}m w;L]n\ mh b#Ak;v p]h]t[vn lq].
mh b#Ak;v p]h]t[v}mt @pr mh b#Ak; kty[w; h` sm|bn\E]w k`r~yyn\ hs[r#vn[ l#b[@v| 1884 aAk 32 qrn kdq`s] m[ql\ a`Z` pnw yt@w\ p]h]t[vn lq v&vh`r m[ql\ mN\dly mG]n].
@q\Xp`ln n]qhs l#b}@mn\ ps[ sAvr~Eny @vm]n\ pvw\\n` rtk sh n]qhs\ j`w]yk avX&w` sp[r`g#n}@mh] l` v&vh`r m[ql\ mN\dl kYmy pYm`Nvw\ @n`vn h` @y`\g& @n`vn bvt s#lk]n]. emn]s` lAk` rjy 1948 j{l] ms ek\sw\ jnpq rj@yn\ mh b#Ak;vk\ p]h]t[v}m p]L]bQ w`k\SN]k up@qs\ il\l` s]t] awr, eh] pYw]Plyk\ @ls |
a#@mr]k` ek\sw\ jnpq@y\ @fdrl\ sAc]w b#Ak;@vh] a`r~W X`s\wYZ@yk; v{ @j`\n\ ek\s\tr~ mhw` @mm kr~wv& kY]y`@v| @yqv}mt pw\krn lq]. mh b#Ak;v sQh` vn m{l]k h` @@nw]k r`m[v p]L]bQ ek\s\tr~ v`r~w`v 1949 @n`v#m|br~ ms lAk` rjyt iq]r]pw\ krn[ lq[v ey p]h]t[v}mt p]yvr gn\n` lq]. e\ an[v 1949 aAk 58 qrn m[ql\ n}w] pnw yt@w\ lAk` mh b#Ak;v p]h]t[vn lq awr eh] kty[w; 1950 a@g`\s\w; 28 q]n arBn lq]. 1985 q} ey XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v @ls n#vw nm| krn lq].
r@th] sms\w m{l&, b#Ak; kty[w; h` Ny kYm pr]p`lny k]r}mt h` n]y`mny k]r}mt mh b#Ak;vt p[Ul\ blwl @qn lq]. e@mn\m v&vh`r m[ql\ n]k;w\ k]r}@m| wn] ay]w]y q aE]k`r]w\vy q r@th] j`w&n\wr sAc]wvl x`rk`rw\vy q eyt p#vr]N]. 1949 m[ql\ n}]w] pnwt an[v lAk` mh b#Ak;@v| arm[N[ v{@y\
(a) @q\X}y m[q@l\ agy s\W`vr k]r}m ( m]l s\W`y}w`v pvw\v`@gn y`m).
(a`) v]n]my an[p`w]ky a`rk\S` k]r}m @h`\ XY} lAk` r#p]y@l\ v]n]my an[p`w]ky s\W`vr k]r}m ( v]n]my an[p`w]k s\W`y}w`v pvw\v`@gn y`m).
(a#) XY} lAk`@v| n]S\p`qny, @s\v` n]y[k\w]y h` m{r~w a`q`ym ihL n#Av}m h` pvw\v`@gny`m.
(a$) XY} lAk`@v| Plq`y} sm|pw\ p{r~N vX@yn\ sAvr~Eny k]r}m , q]r]g#n\v}m h` vr~Eny k]r}m. |
(a) sh (a`) s\W`y} arm[N[ @ls vr~gkl h#k] awr (a#) sh (a$) sAvr~En arm[N[ @ls vr~g kL h#k]y. m[ql\ n}w] pnw, mh b#Ak;vt eh] arm[N[ it[kr g#n}@mh] l` m[ql\ pYw]pw\w]y @m@hyv}mt p[Ul\ blwl lb`@qn lq]. emn]s` sAvr~En Xk&w` a#w] k\@S\wY sQh` Ny s#py}m mG]n\ s^j[vm sAvr~Eny h` m{l& kYm@y\ pYs`rNy q vkYv m{l& s\W`y}w`v q LG`kr g#n}@mh] l` mh b#Ak;v v#qgw\ xOm]k`vk\ us[ln[ a#w#y] a@p\k\S` krn lq]. @k@s\ @vww\ ym| ym| avs\W`vlq} ek]@nkt v]r#q\E q]s`vlt @y`m[v[n[ arm[N[ it[kr g#n}mt y`@m|q}, m[l]n\m mh b#Ak;@v| arm[N[ @ls s#lk;N[ s\W`y}w` h` sAvr~Eny yn arm[N[ ek]@nk h` g#@t|. enm| s\W`y}w` arm[N it[k]r}mt mh b#Ak;vt m[ql\ vr~Eny sh Ny kp` h#r}mt s]q[vn awrm sAvr~En arm[N LG`kr g#n}m sQh` m[ql\ sh Ny vr~Eny k]r}mt mh b#Ak;vt s]q[@v|.
emn]s` @l`\k v&`p\w mh b#Ak; kty[w;vl pYvNw`vn\ sh j`w&n\wr m{l& @v@LQ@p`Lvl @v|gvw\ vr~Enyn\ h` n]qhs\ a`rW]k sh @w`rwOr# w`k\SN@y\ pYgmnyn\t an[gw @vm]n\ 2000 q} mh b#Ak;v nv}krN v#dp]L]@vlk\ arBn lq]. e\ an[v XY} lAk` mh b#Ak;v 2002 q} m[ql\ n}]w] pnw sA@X`\Eny krm]n\ eh] arm[N[ n#vw ar~W qk\vn lq]. r@th] Plq`y] sm|pw\ sAvr~Eny v#d] q]y[N[k]r}m sh q]r]mw\ k]r}m sQh`vn mh b#Ak;@v| nv arm[N[ vn[@y\
- a`r~W]k sh m]l s\W`y}w`v pvw\v`@gn y`m h`
- m{l& kYm@y\ s\W`y}w`v pvw\v`@gn y`my].
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